Bronchogenic carcinomas

Bronchogenic carcinoma A lung cancer associated with asbestos exposure. 

Cigarette smoke Bronchogenic carcinoma, esophageal, and bladder cancer... 

Wynder, E. L. and Graham, E. A. (1950) Tobacco smoking as a possible etio-logic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma.of the American Medical... 

Designation of intrathoracic or abdominal tumors as mesotheliomas is not straightforward. A mesothelial mesothelioma may be difficult to distinguish from a peripheral bronchogenic carcinoma partly because of the nature of the clinical course of the diseases as well as their similar location. Mesothelioma spreads extensively on the pleura, is usually unresectable, and responds poorly to chemotherapy or radiation. In all of these respects it is identical to peripheral carcinoma of the lung parenchyma, which may spread to the pleura. The diagnostic distinction, perhaps somewhat academic (Gaenslcr et ah, 1985), must go beyond clinical evaluation to tissue examination. 

Bronchogenic carcinoma (Table 3.3) is a thoracic neoplastic disease that has been associated with the inhalation of inorganic mineral fibers malignancy that arises in the bronchial epithelium. The carcinoma may be a squamous cell or adenocarcinoma, a small- or large-cell carcinoma, may or may not contain asbestos fibers, and may or may not be associated with asbestosis. 

Table 3.3 Bronchogenic Carcinoma Classification and Approximate Incidence...

Bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum are causally associated with asbestos exposure excesses of cancer of the stomach, colon, and rectum have also been observed. Among 632 asbestos workers observed from 1943 to 1967, there... 

Mechlorethamine is widely used intravenonsly in combination with other drugs to treat Hodgkin s disease, lymphosarcoma, lenkemia, and bronchogenic carcinoma. Synonyms of this drug are azotoyperit, chlorethamine, chlorethazide, mustine, and many others. 

Patterson GA, Ginsberg RJ, Poon PY, et al. A prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and mediastinoscopy in the preoperative assessment of mediastinal node status in bronchogenic carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987 94 679-684. 

Choi NC, Grillo HC, Gardiello M, et al. Basis for new strategies in postoperative radiotherapy of bronchogenic carcinoma. Int JRadiat Oncol Biol Phys 1980 6 31-35. 

Kirsh MM, Sloan H. Mediastinal metastases in bronchogenic carcinoma Influence of postoperative irradiation, cell type, and location. Ann Thorac Surg 1982 33 459 463. 

Shields TW, Higgins GA Jr, Lawton R, et al. Preoperative x-ray therapy as an adjuvant in the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1970 59 49-61. 

Brigham BA, Bunn PA, Minna JD, Cohen MH, Ihde DC, Shachney SE. Growth rates of small-cell bronchogenic carcinomas. Cancer 1978 42 2880-2886. 

Pancreatic carcinoma Lymphoma, bronchogenic carcinoma Infectious diseases AIDS... 

Squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma G ng) Moderately chemosensitive Surgery and radiotherapy chemotherapy... 

Saccomano, G., Yale, C., Dixon, W., Auerbach, O., and Huth, G. (1986). An epidemiological analysis of the relationship between exposure to Rn progeny, smoking and bronchogenic carcinoma in the Uranium mining population of the Colorado plateau -1960-1980, Health Phys. 50,605. 

Mechlorethamine Mustargen, nitrogen mustard Bronchogenic carcinoma chronic leukemia Hodgkin disease non-Hodgkin lymphomas blood disorders (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia] skin rashes/itching Blood disorders (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia] Gl distress (nausea, vomiting] CNS effects (headache, dizziness, convulsions] local irritation at injection site... 

The dust irritates all parts of the respiratory system.28 Skin contact can cause primary irritation and ulceration as well as allergic eczema. The solid and its solutions cause severe eye burns. Swallowing would result in severe internal irritation and damage. Pulmonary irritation and bronchogenic carcinoma may result from breathing chromate dust.1 Avoid inhaling dust. Prevent contact with eyes and skin.28 TLV-TWA 0.5 mg (Cr)/m3.29... 

Chromium in the +3 oxidation state is an essential trace element (see Section 10.3) required for glucose and lipid metabolism in mammals, and a deficiency of it gives symptoms of diabetes mellitus. However, chromium must also be discussed as a toxicant because of its toxicity in the +6 oxidation state, commonly called chromate. Exposure to chromium(VI) usually involves chromate salts, such as Na2Cr04. These salts tend to be water soluble and readily absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs. The carcinogenicity of chromate has been demonstrated by studies of exposed workers. Exposure to atmospheric chromate may cause bronchogenic carcinoma with a latent period of 10 to 15 years. In the body, chromium(VI) is readily reduced to chromium(III), as shown in Reaction 10.4.3 however, the reverse reaction does not occur in the body. 

KeUermann G, Shaw CR, Luyten-Kellerman M. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility and bronchogenic carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1973 289 934-937. 

Cember H, Watson JA. 1958. Bronchogenic carcinoma from radioactive barium sulfate. AMA Arch Ind Health 17 230-235. 

Dl. da Costa, C. R.-M., Dupont, E., Hamers, R., Hooghe, R., Dupuis, F., and Potvliege, R., Nephrotic syndrome in bronchogenic carcinoma. Report of two cases with immunochemical studies. Clin. Nephrol. 2, 245-251 (1974). 

J7. Jacob, E., Herbert, V., Burger, R. L., and Allen, R. H., Atypical plasma factor associated with bronchogenic carcinoma and complexing with R-type vitamin B 12-binding proteins. N. Engl. J. Med. 296, 915-917 (1977). 

A 72-year-old with respiratory debilitation due to bronchogenic carcinoma died after taking zopiclone about 200-350 mg (12). 

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