Carcinoma, basal cell

Interferons (lENs) (52,53), a family of species-specific vertebrate proteins, confer nonspecific resistance to a broad range of viral infections, affect cell proliferation, and modulate immune responses. AH three principal interferons, a-interferon (lEN-a) produced by blood leucocytes, P-interferon (lEN-P) by fibroblasts, and y-interferon (lEN-y) by lymphocytes, also have antiviral activity. The abiUty of interferons to inhibit growth of transplantable and carcinogen-induced tumor led to research showing the direct antiproliferative and indirect immune-mediated antitumor activities (see Chemotherapeutics, anticancer). IENs have been found to be efficacious in certain malignancies and viral infections, eg, hairy cell leukemia (85% response) and basal cell carcinoma (86% response). However, the interferons do have adverse side effects (54). 

TLR7 Aldara Agonist Basal cell carcinoma Genital warts Approved... 

Basal cell carcinoma nodule with telan-... 

RRM, relative risk for melanoma BCC, basal cell carcinoma NMSC, nonmelanoma skin cancer MM, malignant melanoma. 

Superficial Spreading Nodular Lentigo Maligna Melanoma Acral Lentiginous Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma... 

Basal cell carcinoma nodule with telangiectatic surface or ulcerated lesion with a pearly translucent border... 

Thus, although some early clinical studies appeared to be promising (e.g., treatment of basal cell carcinoma of the lip using topical eosin as the photosensitizer17), real progress did not occur until the 1960s and 1970s, when two important observations were made. 

Hairy cell leukaemia Renal cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma Malignant melanoma AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma Multiple myeloma Chronic myelogenous leukaemia Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma... 

Rodent ulcers An ulcerous cancer (basal cell carcinoma), usually affecting the face... 

Grimbaldeston, M. A. et al., Communications High dermal mast cell prevalence is a predisposing factor for basal cell carcinoma in humans, J. Invest. Dermatol. 115, 317-320, 2000. 

In normal breast epithelium the type I keratin K17, which was identified by Moll et al. (1982b) by early gel electrophoretic studies as a major keratin of basal cell carcinomas of the skin, shows a similar distribution in breast epithelium as K5... 

It is important to state that not all malignant tumors give rise to metastases. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin, while capable of local invasion, rarely produces secondary growths. However, most other cancers give rise to metastases at some... 

Investigations by Yarosh over almost two decades have proven that liposomal carriers allow uptake of a DNA repair enzyme into the skin [57], This uptake significantly reduces the number of new actinic keratoses and new lesions of basal cell carcinoma in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum who were treated for 12 months [58], Moreover, in a mice model, transdermal vaccination by antigen incorporation into liposomes has also been demonstrated [59,60],... 

Imiquimod cream is used for the treatment of external anogenital warts, where it may be used for both keratinised and non-keratinised lesions. It is also used in superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. Side-effects include local reactions such as itching, burning sensation, erythema, erosion, oedema, excoriation and stabbing and, less commonly, local ulceration. Patients should be advised to rub it in and to allow it to stay on the treated area for 6-10 hours for warts. The cream should then be washed off with mild soap and water. 

Among a small factory population, two cases of lung cancer were found in men primarily involved in the production of benzoyl peroxide, but they were also exposed to benzoyl chloride and benzotrichloride. Benzoyl peroxide exposure was associated with a greater frequency of malignant melanoma in one of two case control studies it was not associated with basal cell carcinomas of the skin in another study. The lARC has determined that there is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of benzoyl peroxide in experimental animals and that it is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. 

Superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) For the topical treatment of biopsy-confirmed, primary sBCC in immunocompetent adults, with a maximum tumor diameter of 2 cm, located on the trunk (excluding anogenital skin), neck, or extremities (excluding hands and feet), only when surgical methods are medically less appropriate and patient follow-up can be reasonably assured. 

Fluorouracil/ Topical [5-FU] (Efudex) [Antineoplastic/ Antimetabollte] Uses Basal cell carcinoma actinic/solar k atosis Action Inhibits thymidylate S5mthetase (-1- DNA S5mth, S-phase specific) Dose 5% cream bid X 2-6 wk Caution [D, ] Irritant chemo Contra Component sensitivity Disp Cream, soln SE Rash, dry skin, photosens EMS See RuorouracU OD See RuorouracU... 

Monk, B.E. (1990) Amiodarone-induced photosensitivity and basal-cell carcinoma. 

SnEt2 Puryltin (Miravant) 665 (30 000) 0.71 1.2 150-200 1500-2000 Metastatic breast carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma. Macula degeneration cancers ... 

Lu-Tex Lutrin (Phannacyclics) 732 (42 000) 0.56 1.0 150 1500 Breast cancer, malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma No skin phototoxicity Pain associated in skin during light treatment... 

Decubitus ulcer (e.g. bed sores, pressure sores) Diabetic ulcers Varicose ulcers Rodent ulcers Peptic ulcers Ulcer due to continuous pressure exerted on a particular area of skin often associated with bed-ridden patients Ulcers (e.g. diabetic leg ) caused by complications of diabetes Due to defective circulation, sometimes associated with varicose veins An ulcerous cancer (basal cell carcinoma), usually affecting the face Ulcer of the digestive tract, caused by digestion of the mucosa by acid and pepsin may occur in e.g. the duodenum (duodenal ulcer), or the stomach (gastric ulcer)... 

Fluorouracil (Efudex, Fluoroplex) is an antimetabolite used for the topical treatment of actinic keratoses. It is also useful for the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas when conventional surgical modalities are impractical. Local inflammatory reactions characterized by erythema, edema, crusting, burning, and pain are common (and, some would argue, desirable) but may be minimized by reduced frequency of application or use in combination with a topical corticosteroid. 

Fluorouracil is used in several combination regimens in the treatment of breast cancer. It also has palliative activity in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, including those originating in the stomach, pancreas, liver, colon, and rectum. Other tumors in which some antitumor effects have been reported include carcinomas of the ovary, cervix, oropharynx, bladder, and prostate. Topical 5-fluorouracil cream has been useful in the treatment of premalignant keratoses of the skin and superficial basal cell carcinomas, but it should not be used in invasive skin cancer. 

Jackson and Adams studied 33 cases of extensive basal cell carcinoma, two of which involved mustard-gas burns sustained during World War I. One of those developed 35 yr after the burn, but 2 yr after irradiation with cobalt-60. In the other, basal cell carcinoma developed at the site of three separate burns, 3 yr after exposure. Some of the mustard burns did not lead to basal cell cancer. 

Jackson, R., and Adams, R.H. Horrifying basal cell carcinoma ... 

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