Butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine

Degussa AG Vinyl pyridine latex Vinyl pyridine, styrene, butadiene After homogenization in a stirred reactor, the batch is heated and degassed when complete 1 1974... 

PVPD SBR poly(4-vinyl pyridine) styrene-butadiene rubber... 

PHocwd . [Goodyear] Vinyl pyridine-styrene-butadiene latex u for cord adhesion in tues, conv or belts, hose. 

Vinylidene chloride, 4-vinyl pyridine, styrene, butadiene and... 

PSBR (Vinyl pyridine)-styrene-butadien rubber... 

Since this time, latices of vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene terpolymers have found limited use in the treatment of textile fibres (such as tyre cords) to give improved adhesion to rubber. In this application, various vinylpyridines have been utilized but 2-vinylpyridine is the most commonly used. The vinyl-pyridine-styrene-butadiene weight ratio is typically 15 15 70. 

Figure 13.6 Film cast from a 1 2 mixture of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) and poly(2-vinyl pyridine-co-butadiene) with about 15 mol% butadiene content (10 wt% solution of the copolymers in tetrahydrofuran). Dark areas, poly(styrene-co-butadiene) light areas, poly (2-vinyl pyridine-co-butadiene) [15]. Courtesy of Dr A. Schindler...

Only types (l)-(4) fall within the scope of this chapter. No further reference will be made to emulsion-polymerized prolybutadiene rubbers, because they are now of little industrial significance relative to the styrene-butadiene rubbers. Poly(vinyl chloride) is discussed elsewhere in this book. Brief reference will also be made in this chapter (Section 15.5) to the production and properties of carboxylated variants of styrene-butadiene rubber latexes. It may also be noted that latexes of rubbery terpolymers of styrene, vinyl pyridine and butadiene, produced by emulsion polymerization, have long been of considerable industrial importance for the specialized application of treating textile fibres (e.g., tyre cords) in order to improve adhesion between the fibres and a matrix of vulcanized rubber in which they are subsequently to be embedded. 

Terpolymer of vinyl pyridine, styrene and butadiene (ASTM elastomer) Poly(methyl phenyl siloxane) (ASTM)... 

A very wide range of copolymers has been prepared in which a diene, particularly 1,3-butadiene, is the principal comonomer. Only a very small number have achieved commercial significance but one, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) has become the world s leading rubber in terms of tonnage consumption. Another, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (nitrile rubber, NBR) has been an important oil resistant rubber for some 40 years. It is these two rubbers which form the main subject matter of this chapter which also includes brief notes on two lesser known copolymers, butadiene-vinyl pyridine and butadiene-vinyl isopropyl ketone polymers and on novel alternating copolymers. 

PSBR Copolymer of vinyl pyridine, styrene and butadiene... 

The isoprene units in the copolymer impart the ability to crosslink the product. Polystyrene is far too rigid to be used as an elastomer but styrene copolymers with 1,3-butadiene (SBR rubber) are quite flexible and rubbery. Polyethylene is a crystalline plastic while ethylene-propylene copolymers and terpolymers of ethylene, propylene and diene (e.g., dicyclopentadiene, hexa-1,4-diene, 2-ethylidenenorborn-5-ene) are elastomers (EPR and EPDM rubbers). Nitrile or NBR rubber is a copolymer of acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene. Vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene and olefin-acrylic ester copolymers and 1,3-butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine terpolymer are examples of specialty elastomers. 

One component of a terpolymer of butadiene, styrene and vinyl pyridine used in latex form to promote good adhesion between rubber and textiles, particularly rayon and nylon. Viscoelasticity... 

Hazardous when exposed to oxygen due to peroxide formation and subsequent peroxide initiation of polymerization Styrene Butadiene Tetrafluoroethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Vinyl acetylene Vinyl acetate Vinyl chloride Vinyl pyridine Chloroprene... 

The literature reports direct grafting by gamma-rays exposure of Nylon fibers or films to the following monomers carbon monoxide (/65), ethylene (157), propylene (157), acetylene (166), butadiene (157.162,163), styrene (158, 161,163,167,168), vinyl chloride (157,163), vinyl fluoride (169-172), vinyl acetate (161,163,173), vinyl propionate (161), vinyl butyrate (161), vinyl crotonate (161), vinyl 2-ethyl hexanoate (161), acrylic add (173,174), methyl acrylate (162, 163), ethyl acrylate (162,163), allyl acrylate (163), methyl methacrylate (28,161, 163,164), butyl methacrylate (161), acrylamide (158), methylol acrylamide (163), acrylonitrile (157,160-163, 167, 175-179), divinyl sulfone (161), vinyl pyridine (167,173), vinyl pyrrolidone (28) and triallyl cyanurate (158). 

The formation of coagulum is observed in all types of emulsion polymers (i) synthetic rubber latexes such as butadiene-styrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene, and butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine copolymers as well as polybutadiene, polychloroprene, and polyisoprene (ii) coatings latexes such as styrene-butadiene, acrylate ester, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and ethylene copolymers (iii) plastisol resins such as polyvinyl chloride (iv) specialty latexes such as polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and other fluorinated polymers (v) inverse latexes of polyacrylamide and other water-soluble polymers prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. There are no major latex classes produced by emulsion polymerization that are completely free of coagulum formation during or after polymerization. 

Catalysts of the Ziegler-Natta type are applied widely to the anionic polymerization of olefins and dienes. Polar monomers deactivate the system and cannot be copolymerized with olefins. J. L. Jezl and coworkers discovered that the living chains from an anionic polymerization can be converted to free radicals by the reaction with organic peroxides and thus permit the formation of block copolymers with polar vinyl monomers. In this novel technique of combined anionic-free radical polymerization, they are able to produce block copolymers of most olefins, such as alkylene, propylene, styrene, or butadiene with polar vinyl monomers, such as acrylonitrile or vinyl pyridine. 

Styrene-butadiene-vinyl-pyridine latex (41% solids) 244 g... 

The experimental copolymer composition data for styrene(Mi)-fumaroni-trile(M2) give a good fit to Eq. (7.86) with rj = 0.072 and r[ = 1.0 [33], but deviate markedly from the behavior predicted by the st-order Markov model with ri = 0.23. Penultimate effects have been observed in a number of other systems. Among these are the radical copolymerizations of ethyl methacrylate-styrene, methyl methaciylate-4-vinyl pyridine, methyl acrylate-l,3-butadiene, and other monomer pairs. 

Gen-Tac. [GenCorp Polymer Prods.] Styrene butadiene/vinyl pyridine latex used for structural adhesives. 

Gallot has described the synthesis of poly(butadiene-b-vinyl naphthalene)while Szwarc has prepared p-xylylene block copolymers containing vinyl pyridine or styrene. These latter copolymers are prepared by producing p-xylylene vapor in the presence of "living" polystyrene or vinyl pyridine anions, or by the novel reaction of vinyl pyridine with p-xylylene radicals Block copolymers of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate have also been prepared( 0). 

In order to obtain well-defined AB diblock copolymers by anionic polymerization and sequential monomer addition, some crucial conditions must be fulfilled (1) the carbanion formed by the second monomer must be more, or at least equally, stable than the one derived from the first monomer, and (2) the initiation of polymerization of the second monomer by the anion of the first monomer must be higher than the rate of propagation of monomer B. To fulfill these requirements, the monomers used must be added sequentially in the order of increasing electron affinity (e.g., a-methyl styrene (aMeSt) < St butadiene (Bd)< vinyl pyridine < methyl methacrylate (MMA)) and the nucleophilicity of the intermediate macromolecular carbanion A formed should at least match (though... 

Rubber products such as tyres, belts and hose rely on reinforcement by textiles to achieve the required physical properties. To effect reinforcement, textile and rubber must be adequately bonded together, and to promote adhesion, there is a range of treatments to suit most fibre-rubber systems. The adhesion-promoting material (dip) is usually a terpolymer latex of butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine (or a blend of SBR and vinyl pyridine), which bonds well to the fibres, together with a resorcinol formaldehyde precondensate, which, on curing, bonds well to mbber a three-dimensional resin network is formed. 

Polychloroprene latex Styrene-butadiene latex Vinyl pyridine latex... 

Styrene/a-methyl styrene Styrene/(halogenated styrene) Styrene/(halogenated styrene) a-methylstyrene/acrylonitrile a-methylstyrene/methacrylonitrile Butadiene/acrylonitrile Butadiene/acrylonitrile (methyl methacrylate)/(alkyl methacrylates) (methyl methacrylate)/esters (glycidyl methacrylate)/(ethyl acrylate) (ethylene terephthalate)/oxybenzoate (ethyl acrylate)/(4-vinyl pyridine) Ethylene/(vinyl acetate)... 

PPy-p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate 9. PPy-tetraethylammonium toluenesulfonate 10. Ployanihne-NaHSO 11. Poly(3-methylthiophene-tetraethylammonium tetralluoroborate) methacrylate) 7. Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) 8. Poly(vinyl stearate) 9. Hydroxypropyl ceUulose to. Poly(butadiene) 11. Poly (vinyl butyral)-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate 12. Ethyl ceUulose 13. Poly(vinyl acetate) 14. Poly(4-vinyl pyridine) dibenzotetraazaannulene... 

The actual ratios of resorcinol to formaldehyde and of resin to rubber solids may be varied within reasonable limits, the generally accepted optimum ratios being between 1 1.5 and 1 2 for the resorcinol to formaldehyde and between 1 5 and 1 7 for the resin to rubber ratio. Within these limits, it is possible to fine tune the RFL formulation to suit the particular rubber compound with which it is to be used. Generally, however, it is more convenient to use a standard dip formulation for most applications, to avoid excessive complexity, while still maintaining perfectly adequate adhesion levels to a wide range of rubber compounds. For most applications, the preferred latex used is a styrene/ butadiene/vinyl pyridine (VP) terpolymer latex. 

Terpolymers of butadiene, styrene and vinyl pyridine (75/15/15) have been of some interest in rubber-to-textile bonding, the presence of the vinyl pyridine improving the degree of adhesion as compared with straight SBR latices. 

The heparin Immobilized polyurethane surfaces (prepared by plasma grafting of 1 acryloyl benzotrlazole and subsequent hydrolysis/amlnatlon) are effective In suppressing thrombus formation. The adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was also lower on such modified surfaces [72]. Heparin immobilized on vinyl pyridine grafted styrene butadiene-styrene block copolymers also shows good biocompatiblllty. The adsorption of albumin and fibrinogen are reduced with the increasing graft levels and heparin content [41]. 

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