Textiles treated

Alkyl or aryl phosphonates, which contain a carbon—phosphoms bond, are comparatively more stable. They are of interest as antiscaling additives and corrosion inhibitors for cooling towers and heat exchangers (see Dispersants Water, industrial water treatment), surfactants (qv), sequestrants, and textile-treating agents. Trialkyl phosphites are usehil as esterification (qv) reagents. 

Products similar to (4) are obtained if one starts with TiCl instead of a tetraaLkyl titanate (75). These products are useful as adhesives (qv), as textile-treating agents to impart water repeUency, and as coatings and sizes for treating paper. 

The dimer of bis(trifluoromethyl)thioketene is most useful as a precursor of its monomeric form, which is used to make a number of useful products (Scheme 133). The one illustrated is an antistatic agent for wool (67USP3337586). Others are also useful as textile treating agents (67USP3336334). 

The soaps of the ethanolamines are extensively used in textile treating agents, in shampoos, and emulsifiers. The fatty acid amides of diethanolamine are applied as builders in heavy-duty detergents, particularly those in which alkylaryl sulfonates are the surfactant ingredients. The use of triethanolamine in photographic developing baths promotes fine grain structure in the film when developed. 

The largest and oldest chemical intermediate use for methanol is formaldehyde. Over half of the methanol currently consumed in the world goes into formaldehyde production. Formaldehyde is produced by the catalytic oxidation or the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol The major outlet for formaldehyde is amino and phenolic resins. These resins are in turn used in the manufacture of adhesives for wood products, molding compounds, binders for thermal insulation and foundry resins. Formaldehyde is also consumed in the production of acetal resins, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, methylenediphenyldiisocyanate (MDI), and textile treating resins. 

Textile Treating. MF resins improve the crease-resistance of cotton and cotton-synthetic blends, stiffen synthetic fabrics such as nylon, protect fabrics from mildew and aid in water repellency. 

Melamine is supplied in bags, carlots, and truckloads. Some of the melamine uses are surface coatings, laminates, paper treating, molding compounds, textile treating, wood adhesives, and other uses such as ceiling tiles,... 

Evaluation of textiles treated with repellent finishes... 

ANTIBLaze 19T flame retardant is a special low viscosity grade of ANTIBLAZE 19 flame retardant formulated especially for textile treating requirements. ANTIBLAZE 19T flame retardant is formulated specifically for textile applications and is not suitable for use in polyurethanes or other plastic applications. 

CNC Antistat 2 is a quaternary ammonium bromide. It is a light colored amber solution. It may be used on cotton, wool, viscose and beraberg. Textiles treated with CNC Antistat 2 are resistant to mildew and decomposition by bacteria. Pathogenic organism are inhibited by the bacteriostatic qualitites imparted to fabrics. 

Use Buffering agent toward both acid and alkali in the range of pH 8.5, textile treating and tanning baths. 

HMTA), 4% melamine resins, 4% and miscellaneous (including chelating agents, trimethylolpropane, pyridine chemicals, nitroparaffin derivatives, textiles treating, and trimethylolethane), 12% (Anonymous 1998). 

Textile Treating Compositions, Washington, D. C., Patent Publications (1951). 153... 

The simple methylol compounds and the low molecular weight polymers obtained from urea and melamine are soluble in water. They are quite suitable for the manufacture of adhesives, molding compounds, and some kinds of textile treating resins. However, amino resins for coating applications require compatibility with the film-forming polymer resins with which they must react. Furthermore, even where compatible, the free methylol compounds are often too reactive and too unstable for use in a coating formulation that may have to be stored for some time before use. Reacting the... 

A highly methylated melamine-formaldehyde textile treating resin may be made as follows (19) A methanol solution of formaldehyde (55% formaldehyde/35% methanol/10% water) is charged to a reaction kettle and adjusted to a pH of 9.0-9.5 with sodium hydroxide. Melamine is then added to give a ratio of 1 mole of melamine for each 6.5 mol of formaldehyde. The mixture is heated to reflux and held for 0,5 h. The reaction mixture is then cooled to 35 C and more methanol is added to bring the ratio of methanol to melamine up to 11 mol to 1 mol. With the batch at 35 C, enough sulfuric acid is added to reduce the pH to 1.0. After the reaction mixture is held at this temperature and pH for 1 h, the batch is neutralized with 50% sodium hydroxide and the excess methanol stripped off to... 

This process is very complex because the acid also cataly reactions 2, 3, and 4. Butanol is the most common alcohol because it facilitates the removal of water from the reaction mix by azeotropic distillation, In cases where water solubility of the alkylated product is desired, as in textile treating, the alcohol used is methanol. Wohnsiedler presents a more detailed treatment of the chemistry of these s3rstems. 

Monolaurin (mono-ester of glycerol and lauric acid) is found in coconut oil and is claimed to have in vitro antibacterial and antiviral effects (Carpo et al., 2(X)7). Fabrics were finished with monolaurin and their antibacterial activity was examined according to the agar diffusion test (ISO 20645). The samples possessed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, but were not effective against E. coli (De Smet et al, 2014). Table 1.9 summarizes the antibacterial effect of textiles treated with different biobased antimicrobial products. The concentrations mentioned are dry weight concentrations (w/w) of the antibacterial additive onto the textile. 

Table 1.9 Antibacterial effect of textiles treated with biobased products inhibition of growth and no inhibition of growth)...

Data available from the commercial textile-treating industry suggested that two fatty chains of 16-18 carbons each, which are commonly found in tallow, lard and some seed oils, such as palm, soybean or canola, resulted in the best softening performance. The alkyl groups can be saturated, unsaturated, or a mixture of both. The effect of alkyl chain saturation on the softener active performance is readily seen in Table 14.2. 

The agar difihision test is used to qualitatively assess the efficacy of textiles treated with diffijsible biocides. Samples are plamd in the centre of nutrient agar plates which have been inoculated widi the test bacteria. The samples are incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours. The evaluation of this test is based on the level of growth both under and around the sanqrie. (Fig. 2) The zone of inhibition around the test material is measured and any growdi present underneath the sample is scored. 

This method is used to determine tibe antibacterial effectiveness of textiles treated vdlh non diffiising active substances. Hie test material is sterilised and inoculated with a standard number of bacteria The samples are incubated at 37°C for 18 hours. The difference in number of colony forming units (cfii) between 0 and 18 hrs contact widi the sanqile indicates the efficacy of the test material. 

The best way to obtain most benefit from textiles treated with microcapsules is, of course, to wash them by hand. This minimizes the loss of actives during washing and maximizes their effect on the skin when the item is worn. 

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