Vinyl pyridine latex

Styrene-butadiene-vinyl-pyridine latex (41% solids) 244 g... 

Degussa AG Vinyl pyridine latex Vinyl pyridine, styrene, butadiene After homogenization in a stirred reactor, the batch is heated and degassed when complete 1 1974... 

Gen-Tac. [GenCorp Polymer Prods.] Styrene butadiene/vinyl pyridine latex used for structural adhesives. 

Pyratex. [Bayer] Butadiene-s9r -2-vinyl-pyridine latex for rubber-fabric... 

Natural rubber latex 40% Vinyl pyridine latex Water... 

Cl 1-15 pareth-3 Polyethylene Vinyl pyridine latex foam modifier Decyl betaine latex foam, molded Natural rubber latex latex goods... 

Polychloroprene latex Styrene-butadiene latex Vinyl pyridine latex... 

Vinyl pyridine is used to make styrene-butadiene-vinyl pyridine latex, which is used to make RFL dips (for good adhesion between rubber and fabrics). 

Most of the aramid adhesive systems initially used were based on a first-step dip of either an epoxide or a blocked polyisocyanate and then a second or top coat of RFL. Wenghoefer in his patent disclosed a somewhat different first step dip which consisted of bis(j3-azido-formyl oxyethyl)isophthalate. After drying, the cord thus treated, was then dipped in a phenolic adhesive and cured at 230 C for 60 seconds. A patent issued to Van Gils uses a one-step dip based on vinyl pyridine latex, trimethylol-phenol, resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, and... 

In the demanding application of polyester tension members in raw edge V belts, the polyester cord is pretreated by the supplier with an isocyanate priming coat followed by a resorcinol-formaldehyde/vinyl pyridine latex dip. 

One component of a terpolymer of butadiene, styrene and vinyl pyridine used in latex form to promote good adhesion between rubber and textiles, particularly rayon and nylon. Viscoelasticity... 

The formation of coagulum is observed in all types of emulsion polymers (i) synthetic rubber latexes such as butadiene-styrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene, and butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine copolymers as well as polybutadiene, polychloroprene, and polyisoprene (ii) coatings latexes such as styrene-butadiene, acrylate ester, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and ethylene copolymers (iii) plastisol resins such as polyvinyl chloride (iv) specialty latexes such as polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and other fluorinated polymers (v) inverse latexes of polyacrylamide and other water-soluble polymers prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. There are no major latex classes produced by emulsion polymerization that are completely free of coagulum formation during or after polymerization. 

A special variation of SBR latex containing terpolymerized vinyl pyridine is used in the tire industry to provide adhesion of organic... 

Good-rite Latexes. [BFGoodrich/Spec. Polymers] Vinyl pyridine or S/B latex used for adhesives tire cord, industrial goods dips, coatings, paper saturation. 

PHocwd . [Goodyear] Vinyl pyridine-styrene-butadiene latex u for cord adhesion in tues, conv or belts, hose. 

Only types (l)-(4) fall within the scope of this chapter. No further reference will be made to emulsion-polymerized prolybutadiene rubbers, because they are now of little industrial significance relative to the styrene-butadiene rubbers. Poly(vinyl chloride) is discussed elsewhere in this book. Brief reference will also be made in this chapter (Section 15.5) to the production and properties of carboxylated variants of styrene-butadiene rubber latexes. It may also be noted that latexes of rubbery terpolymers of styrene, vinyl pyridine and butadiene, produced by emulsion polymerization, have long been of considerable industrial importance for the specialized application of treating textile fibres (e.g., tyre cords) in order to improve adhesion between the fibres and a matrix of vulcanized rubber in which they are subsequently to be embedded. 

Rubber products such as tyres, belts and hose rely on reinforcement by textiles to achieve the required physical properties. To effect reinforcement, textile and rubber must be adequately bonded together, and to promote adhesion, there is a range of treatments to suit most fibre-rubber systems. The adhesion-promoting material (dip) is usually a terpolymer latex of butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine (or a blend of SBR and vinyl pyridine), which bonds well to the fibres, together with a resorcinol formaldehyde precondensate, which, on curing, bonds well to mbber a three-dimensional resin network is formed. 

The actual ratios of resorcinol to formaldehyde and of resin to rubber solids may be varied within reasonable limits, the generally accepted optimum ratios being between 1 1.5 and 1 2 for the resorcinol to formaldehyde and between 1 5 and 1 7 for the resin to rubber ratio. Within these limits, it is possible to fine tune the RFL formulation to suit the particular rubber compound with which it is to be used. Generally, however, it is more convenient to use a standard dip formulation for most applications, to avoid excessive complexity, while still maintaining perfectly adequate adhesion levels to a wide range of rubber compounds. For most applications, the preferred latex used is a styrene/ butadiene/vinyl pyridine (VP) terpolymer latex. 

The most common textile bonding compositions are, of course, the RFL (resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex) dips used to adhere tire carcass rubber to cord reinforcing members. A typical RFL composition calls for a latex terpolymer of styrene-butadiene-vinyl pyridine as well as the resorcinol and hexamethylene tetramine. Some natural rubber latex or regular SBR latex may also be added. The R F resin which forms in situ is able to react chemically with rayon by methylol etherification of the cellulose s hydroxyls. Similar reaction is likely with the amide groups of nylon fibers as shown in Figure 7. 

Butadiene is polymerized with styrene and vinyl pyridine to produce SBVP latex for REE dip for tire cord adhesion. 

Frequently it is necessary to combine materials having quite dissimilar solubility parameters, and often differing in modulus as well. An important example, the manufacture of tires, is discussed in the chapter, Bonding Textiles to Rubber. Use is made of a hybrid adhesive, RFL, containing heat-resistant resorcinol-formaldehyde for good attachment primarily to the polar, high modulus fiber, plus an elastomer of moderate solubility parameter, butadiene-styrene-vinyl pyridine terpolymer latex, mainly for the rubber. 

A special subclass of this type of latex is the vinyl pyridine (VP) group. Members of this group contain up to 30% vinyl pyridine as ter-monomer and 15-25% styrene. Cold polymerized analogs are also available. 

Tire Cord Dip. Tire cord adhesives is another important outlet for latexes. A basic formulation is given in Table 4. The latex is mainly a vinyl pyridine (VP) type. Depending on the fiber to be bonded, the VP latex can be diluted with hot SBR or nonagglomerated cold SBR latex. The dilution depends on the difficulty of bonding the different fibers. Rayon was easy to bond to the carcass and did not require VP latex. Substitution of rayon by nylon and polyester tire cords necessitated the development and use of VP latex. 

Dispersions of copolymers of butadiene with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in aqueous potassium hydroxide have been mentioned in the patent literature" as a dip for adhering rayon tire cord to rubber. The effect is most evident when carboxyl groups are present in the adhesive, the tie cement, and the cover stocks. The adhesive may be applied as latex, aqueous dispersion, or cement. A patent issued to the Dunlop Company Ltd." describes the use of a styrene-butadiene-itaconic acid copolymer with Gen-Tac Latex (GenCorp) in formulating an RFL (resorcinol formaldehyde latex) type adhesive for bonding a natural rubber compound to Nylon 66 and rayon tire cords. Brodnyan" also claims carboxylic adhesives for rayon, nylon, and Dacron cords. In this case, the tire cords were treated with a mixed polymer latex containing resorcinol-formaldehyde condensate, a butadiene-vinyl pyridine copolymer, an SBR copolymer, and a multifunctional copolymer from methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy propyl methacrylate, and acrylic acid. A different approach was reported by Badenkov" whereby rayon or nylon tire cords were coated with... 

Natural and SBR latexes were first used in RFL adhesive systems. However it was found that latexes containing vinyl pyridine terpolymer (B/ S/VP) gave high levels of adhesion of fibers to rubber. Fig. 2 illustrates the chemical composition of this latex. 

A significant development was disclosed by Lin. He replaced part of the vinyl pyridine terpolymer latex in the adhesive recipe with poly butadiene latex. Glass cords dipped in this polybutadiene latex adhesive were more resistant to fracture under cold weather conditions. This was attributed to the lower tg of polybutadiene compared to vinylpyridine-styrene-bu-tadiene rubber. 

A special variation of SBR latex containing terpolymerized vinyl pyridine is used in the tire industry to provide adhesion of organic fiber tire cords to rubber stock. The vinyl pyridine SBR latex is combined with resins and coated on the fiber by a dipping process, followed by a controlled temperature and tension process to set the adhesive as well as to control the shrinkage properties of the cord. 

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