Plasma grafting

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of apparatus for plasma-graft polymerization (Reproduced with permission from Yamada et al., J Appl Polym Sci 60 1847 Copyright (1996) John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Figure 8. Fluorine Is spectrum from fluorocarbon coating plasma grafted to wool...

Figure 9a. Electron spectra from flame retardant coatings plasma grafted to fabric.

In addition, temperature-responsive properties of PNIPAAm have also been used in fabricating molecular ion gating membranes.37 38 In these studies, the concept of an ion gating molecular recognition membrane using synthetic host substances and a thermosensitive polymer was proposed. Figure 15.1038 illustrates the concept. The membrane was prepared by plasma graft copolymerization, which filled the pores of a porous polyethylene him with a copolymer of A -isopropyl... 

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the static plasma grafting device. Key 1, glass reactor 2, copper electrodes connected to HF generator 3, device for polymer sustaining 4, fabrics to be treated 5, outlet to vacuum pump 6, gas supply 7, outlet to vacuum gauge.

Grafting experimental conditions and phosphorus and nitrogen contents of the plasma grafted rayon fabrics ... 

Yamaguchi T, Nakao S, and Kimura S. Design of pervaporation membrane for organic-liquid separation based on solubibty control by plasma-graft filling pol3fmerization technique. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993 32(5) 848-853. 

Wang H, Tanaka K, Kita H, and Okamoto K. Pervaporation of aromatic/non-aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures through plasma-grafted membranes. J Membr Sci 1999 154 221-228. 

Matsuyama, H., Teramoto, M., Sakakura, H., and Iwai, K. Facilitated transport of C02 through various ion exchange membranes prepared by plasma graft polymerization. Journal of Membrane Science, 1996, 117, 251. 

The use of plasma grafting of synthetic polymers on wool for shrink-proofing has also been extensively investigated (97,98). 

Yamaguchi T, Nakao S, Kimura S. Plasma-graft filling polymerization Preparation of a new type of pervaporation membrane for organic hquid mixtures. Macromolecules 1991 24 5522-5527. 

Table 5. Reversible adsorption and desorption of metal ions by plasma-grafted polyethylene films...

Yamaguchi, T., Yamahara, S., Nakao, S., and Kimura, S. (1994). Preparation of pervaporation membranes for removal of dissolved organics from water by plasma-graft filling polymerization,... 

Fire-retardant treatment Hammability of acrylic textiles can be reduced by using (meth)acrylates containing phosphorus monomers known to be effective as flame-retardant compounds (Price et al., 2002). Tsafack et al. (2004) smdied the plasma-grafted thin layer of phosphorus polymer by plasma-induced graft-polymerization. The formation of a characteristic protective char layer during the burning test was observed for the treated compounds whereas the untreated ones burned without residuals (Tsafack et al., 2004). 

Gancarz, 1., Pozniak, G., Bryjak, M., Frankiewicz, A., 1999. Modification of polysulfone membranes. 2. Plasma grafting and plasma polymerization of acryhc acid. Acta Polym. 50,317-326. 

Hu J, Zhang C, Cong J, Toyoda H, Nagatsu M, Meng Y (2011) Plasma-grafted alkaline anion-exchange membranes based on polyvinyl chloride for potential application in direct methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 196 4483 1490... 

Li-hua, L., Shan, D., Ye, T, Jin-huan, T. and Chang-ren, Z. 2008. Surface modification of poly-D, L-lactic acid film with plasma graft polymerization. Tissue Eng. Res. Clin. Recovery 12 1-10. 

PTFE membranes were plasma grafted with acrylamide and sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate (NaSS), and showed a superior performance to pervaporation dehydration for various aqueous solutions of organic compounds (Di et al. 2006). In particular, the protonized PTFE-g-NaSS membrane exhibited excellent properties, giving a permeation flux of 422 g/m h and a separation factor of 4491 in the pervaporation of a 90 wt% aqueous solution of isopropanol at 65°C. 

UF membranes were plasma-grafted with hydrophilic monomers to increase their surface hydrophilicity and hence improve the filtration of the protein. Ulbricht and Belfort (1995) used He or He/water plasma to graft AAc, methacrylic acid, and 2-hydroxyl-ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) onto polyacrylamide and PSU UF membranes. A PVDF nanoflber membrane graft copolymerized with methacrylic acid seemed to retain a high flux performance while its pore size was significantly smaller (Kaur et al. 2007). 

Plasma grafting of poly 2-(A,A-dimethyl) aminoethyl methacrylate on a micro-porous PE substrate resulted in the membrane having amine moieties (Matsuyama et al. 1996). This membrane showed high permselectivity for CO2 over Nj (130 for swollen membrane). 

Choi, Y.-J., Moon, S.-H., Yamaguchi, T. and Nakao, S.-I. 2003. New morphological control for thick, porous membranes with a plasma graft-fiUing polymerization. 

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