Oral squamous cell carcinoma

Schoelch ML, Regezi JA, Dekker NP, et al. Cell cycle proteins and the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 1999 35(3) 333-342. 

Perez-Sayans, M., Suarez-Penaranda, J.M., Herranz-Carnero, M., Gayoso-Diz, R, Barros-Angueira, F., Gandara-Rey, J.M., and Garcia-Garcia, A. (2012) The role of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol. 48, 56-60. 

Yan SK, et al. A metabonomic approach to the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral lichen planus and oral leukoplakia. Oral Oncol 2008 44 477-483. 

There is a bath PUVA and an oral PUVA. Bath PUVA therapies involve soaking in a bath of psoralens liquid for 15 minutes prior to UVA treatment. Oral PUVA involves taking an oral psoralens capsule the day prior to a UVA treatment. Oral psoralens such as methoxsalen cause nausea in many patients. Other adverse effects of PUVA include photosensitivity, which necessitates the use of eye protection and UVA-blocking sunscreen for 24 hours after a PUVA treatment macular melanosis at exposed sites (PUVA lentigines) and increased risk of skin cancers, especially squamous cell carcinoma.21... 

He, Q.Y., Chen, J., Kung, H.F., Yuen, A.P., Chiu, J.F. (2004). Identification of tumor-associated proteins in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma by, proteomics. Proteomics 4,... 

In one study by Hood et al., 282 of 1153 identified proteins were identified by at least 2 unique tryptic peptides from FFPE prostate cancer (PCa) tissue.9 According to the gene ontology classification of the proteins identified, -65% of proteins were predicted to be intracellular proteins, while -50% of the total human proteome is predicted to be located in the intracellular compartment. Additionally, 20% of the proteins identified in the PCa tissue were classified as membrane proteins, which is significantly less than the predicted 40% for the human proteome. This relative disparity is not unexpected, considering the Liquid Tissue sample preparation kit lacks specific protocols for membrane protein extraction. The Liquid Tissue method has also been used for proteomics studies of a variety of FFPE tissue samples, including pancreatic tumors,28 squamous cell carcinoma,4 and oral human papillomavirus lesions.27... 

De Stefani, A. et al., Improved survival with perilymphatic interleukin 2 in patients with resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx, Cancer, 95, 90, 2002. 

Fillies T, Werkmeister R, Packeisen J, Brandt B, Morin P, Weingart D, Joos U, Buerger H (2006) Cytokeratin 8/18 expression indicates a poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. BMC Cancer 6 10... 

Kubler AC, de Carpentier J, Hopper C, Leonard AG, Putnam G (2001) Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip using Foscan-mediated photodynamic therapy. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 30 504-509. 

Munshi HG, Wu YI, Ariztia EV, and Stack MS [2002] Calcium regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-mediated migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 277 41480-41488... 

Kuo MY, Huang JS, Hsu HC, Chiang CP, Kok SH, Kuo YS, Hong CY. (1999). Infrequent p53 mutations in patients with areca quid chewing-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med. 28(5) 221-25. 

Mallery SR, Shenderova A, Pei P, Begum S, Giminieri JR, Wilson RF, Gasto BG, Schuller DE, Morse MA, Effects of 10-hydroxycamptothecin, delivered from locally injectable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres, in a murine human oral squamous cell carcinoma regression model, Anticancer Res 21 1713-1722, 2001. 

In a study of carcinogenesis, DBCP was orally administered to rats and mice 5 times/week at maximally tolerated doses and at half those doses. ° As early as 10 weeks after initiation of treatment, there was a high incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the stomach in both species. In female rats there were also mammary adenocarcinomas. Chronic inhalation resulted in carcinomas of the respiratory tract in mice and multiple site tumors in rats. ... 

High doses of dioxane by oral administration produced malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and liver in rats, and mmors of the liver and gallbladder in guinea pigs." Rats administered either 0.5% or 1.0% (vol/vol) in the drinking water had squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal turbinates hepatocellular adenomas were seen in the dosed females." In another study, inhalation of 111 ppm, 7 hours/day, 5 days/week for 2 years did not result in any increased tumor incidence in rats. ... 

In a combined-exposure experiment oral administration of trichloroethylene containing 1,2-epoxybutane induced squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach in mice, whereas administration of the trichloroethylene alone did not. ... 

Repeated subcutaneous administration of up to 2.5mg/week for 95 weeks caused local sarcomas in mice. ° Administered by oral gavage to rats twice a week for 2 years, propylene oxide caused a dose-dependent increase in forestomach tumors, which were mainly squamous cell carcinomas."... 

Heo K, Kim YH, Sung HJ et al (2012) Hypoxia-induced up-regulation of apelin is associated with a poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Oral Oncol. doi 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.1012.1015... 

Lacey JV Jr et al Oral contraceptives as risk factors for cervical adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999 8 1079. [PMID 10613340]... 

Cytotoxic activity against human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2)... 

Epoxybutane was tested for eareinogenicity by inhalation exposure in one study in mice and in one study in rats, producing nasal papillary adenomas in rats of both sexes and pulmonary alveolar/bronchiolar tumours in male rats. It did not induce skin tumours when tested by skin application in one study in mice. Oral administration of trichloroethylene containing 1,2-epoxybutane to mice induced squamous-cell carcinomas of the forestomach, whereas administration of trichloroethylene alone did not (lARC, 1989). 

Ethylene dibromide was administered orally to mice and rats and produced squamous-cell carcinomas of the forcstomach (lARC, 1977). 

In one 90-day study, methyl bromide was tested in rats by oral administration. An increased incidence of squamous-cell carcinomas of the forestomach was observed in animals of each sex (lARC, 1986). 

Signs of methyl bromide toxicity following acute exposure include irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, tremor, incoordination, depression of the central nervous system and convulsions. Long-term exposure induces pulmonary congestion, central nervous system effects, and renal and hepatic lesions. After oral administration to rats, hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis (and squamous-cell carcinomas) of the forestomach were observed (lARC, 1986). 

Methyl bromide was tested by oral administration in rats and by inhalation in mice and rats. In one 90-day study by oral administration in rats, methyl bromide was reported to produce squamous-cell carcinomas of the forestomach. In a second, 25-week study designed to investigate further the findings of the previous study, early hyperplastic lesions of the forestomach developed after 25 weeks of continuous treatment by gavage. In two inhalation studies in mice, no significant increase in the incidence of tumours was observ ed. In one inhalation study in rats, an increase in the incidence of adenomas of the pituitary gland was observed in high-dose male rats. In another study in rats, no increase in tumour incidence was observed. 

Rat Groups of 50 male and 50 female Fischer 344/N rats, eight weeks of age, were administered skin applications of 0, 188 or 375 mg/kg bw 2,3-dibromo-l-propanol (98% pure) in 95% ethanol on five days per week for 48-51 weeks (males) or 52-55 weeks (females). The study was terminated at 48-51 weeks for males and 52-55 weeks for females because of reduced survival of the high-dose groups and because sentinel mice housed in the same room as the rats tested positive for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. As shown in Table 2, there w ere increased incidences of skin neoplasms (all types), squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin, basal-cell tumours [not further specified] of the skin, squamous-cell carcinomas of the oral mucosa, squamous-cell papillomas of the oesophagus, squamous-cell papillomas of the forestomach, adenocarcinomas of the... 

Dimethyl hydrogen phosphite was tested for eareinogenicity by oral administration in one strain of miee and in one strain of rats. In rats, it eaused an increase in the incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas in animals of each sex and of squamous-cell carcinomas of the lung and of papillomas and carcinomas of the forestomach in males (lARC, 1990). 

Hexamethylphosphoramide was tested for carcinogenicity in rats, the only species tested, by inhalation in this study, which was reported as a preliminary note, it produced squamous-cell carcinomas of the nasal cavity. It has also been inadequately tested in rats by oral administration (lARC, 1977). 

The ongoing clinical trials include the use of adenovirus and herpes virus vectors. One example of adenoviral vector is ONYX-015, which lacks E1B protein, required for replication with a normal p53 pathway and RNA export during viral replication. It has been used to treat squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and has also been tested as a preventive treatment for oral precancerous tissue. The concept behind using this vector is that ONYX-015 will proliferate in p53 pathway-deficient tumor cells and kill them. 

Rinaldi AL, Morse MA, Fields HW, Rothas DA, Pei P, Rodrigo KA, Renner RJ, Mallery SR. 2002. Curcumin activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor yet significantly inhibits (—)-benzo(a)pyrene-7R-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol bioactivation in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and oral mucosa. Cancer Res 62 5451-5456. 

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