Oral cavity

Although the complicated structure of the oral cavity includes many types of hard and soft tissues, the primary target tends to be the lining epithelium, which both protects 

---

Waxes and wax composition, ie, pattern, impression, and processing waxes, have been important in the dental profession for many years (125). Most dental waxes find appUcation within the oral cavity during some phase of their use. 

Ghlorhexidine Gluconate. Chlorhexidine gluconate [18472-51 -0] (l,l -hexamethylene bis[5-(p-chlorophenyl) biguanide] di-D-gluconate) is used as an antimicrobial against both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria ia the oral cavity. It is used as a therapeutic supplement ia the treatment of gingivitis, periodontal disease, and dental caries. A mouth riase form is available as a 0.12 wt% aqueous solution (288). 

The key functions of dentifrices, to remove dental stains and to freshen the oral cavity, are accomplished by abrasive cleaning and the masking or elimination of unpleasant oral odors. Materials designed to deliver antitartar, antiplaque, or anticaries benefits must be compatible with the ability of the dentifrice to tiilfill those two functions. 

Flavor. Dentifrices are used to refresh the oral cavity. Flavor oils and other flavoring materials are key to that function (see Flavors and spices). Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) flavors or flavors from approved lists are used. The most popular flavors are peppermint [8006-90-4], spearmint [8008-79-5], cinnamon [8006-79-9], and mixtures of these. Menthol is a principal constituent of the mint flavors and a source of refreshment and coolness. 

The amount of a product iatroduced iato the oral cavity is substantially greater with a dental riase than with a dentifrice, the action of swishing the rinse assures thorough distribution of the agent to accessible oral surfaces. 

Whereas tests (186) indicated that ampholytes were effective in skin cleansing for preoperative use, for wound cleansing, and as an antiseptic in the oral cavity (187), as well as other medical appHcations, the food and beverage industries have proved to be the principal employers of these compounds. Ampholytes are used as sanitizers and disinfectants, not as food preservatives. Low toxicity, absence of skin irritation, and noncorrosiveness, along with antimicrobial activity, has given ampholytes acceptance in dairies, meat plants, and the brewing and soft drink industries. These disinfectants have been manufactured and distributed in Europe and Japan, but not in the United States. 

Tests have been developed that test different products for their effectiveness as a healthcare personnel handwash (327) evaluate hand disinfectants for use in surgery (333) determine the effectiveness of a surgical hand scmb, ie, the glove juice test (311,329) evaluate antiseptics for the oral cavity to be used in mouthwashes (334,335) and test antiseptics for the periurethral area and appHcation to catheters (336,337). A method used for a test comparing four antiseptic products was adopted as recommended practice by the Association of Practitioners of Infection Control (338). 

Oral. The oral route for dmg dehvery includes the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the oral cavity including the buccal mucosa. The buccal mucosa is considered separately because of differences in the approach to dmg dehvery via this route. 

Various materials are used in dental prosthetic practice for the preparation of dental implants, crowns, and bridges. Some of these materials contain copper, which is added in order to improve mechanical or/and chemical properties, but some of them may contain the copper as an impurity. Considering the fact that dental implants remain in the oral cavity for a long time, and that they are exposed to the corrosive action of oral fluids and various kinds of food and beverages, it is necessary to check their possible harmful effects upon the human health. 

Ambient air entering tbe oral cavity during oral breathing confronts a variety of surface structures. Inspired air initially passes between highly vascular lips and across the teeth, w hich can be viewed as a series of heat transfer fins. The tongue and buccal surfaces (both rough, highly vascular... 

Bacterial catabolism of oral food residue is probably responsible for a higher [NHj] in the oral cavity than in the rest of the respiratory tract.Ammonia, the by-product of oral bacterial protein catabolism and subsequent ureolysis, desorbs from the fluid lining the oral cavity to the airstream.. Saliva, gingival crevicular fluids, and dental plaque supply urea to oral bacteria and may themselves be sites of bacterial NH3 production, based on the presence of urease in each of these materials.Consequently, oral cavity fNTi3)4 is controlled by factors that influence bacterial protein catabolism and ureolysis. Such factors may include the pH of the surface lining fluid, bacterial nutrient sources (food residue on teeth or on buccal surfaces), saliva production, saliva pH, and the effects of oral surface temperature on bacterial metabolism and wall blood flow. The role of teeth, as structures that facilitate bacterial colonization and food entrapment, in augmenting [NH3J4 is unknown. 

Buccal Pertaining to the lateral inner surface of the oral cavity (cheek). 

Oral cavity Airway passage between the lips and lower border of the soft... 

---