Tumor, malignant

Three main routes exist for the spread of cancer cells throughout the body. These involve the lymphatic system, the blood system, and direct extension into body cavities. Spread by the lymphatic system is thought to be important for carcinomas. The walls of these channels offer little mechanical resistance to penetration by tumor cells. Malignant cells readily invade the walls of these vessels and are carried to regional lymph nodes. In the lymph node, the cancer cells can arrest, proliferate and produce a metastatic tumor. Malignant cells may later detach from the lymph node and be carried in the bloodstream to other sites throughout the body. 

Chrysene produced skin tumors after skin application to mice and has been shown to be active as a tumor initiator. Local tumors were observed after its subcutaneous injection in mice. Perinatal administration of chrysene to male mice by intraperitoneal injection increased the incidence of liver tumors, malignant lymphoma, and lung tumors. ... 

Gilbert J, Baker SD, Bowling MK, Grochow L, Figg WD, Zabelina Y, Done-hower RC, Carducci MA. A phase I dose escalation and bioavailability study of oral sodium phenylbutyrate in patients with refractory solid tumor malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2001 7 2292-2300. 

Sloane BF, Moin K, Krepela E, Rhozhin J (1990) Cathepsin B and its endogenous inhibitors the role in tumor malignancy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 9 333-352... 

Elitek Rasburicase Sanofi-Synthelabo 7/2002 Management of plasma uric acid levels in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor malignancies 5. cerevisiae... 

Tumor, malignant Cells break off, invade, and destroy surrounding tissues cancerous tumors... 

Hakomori, S. (1996). Tumor malignancy defined by aberrant glycosilation and sphingo(glyco)lipid metabolism. Cancer Res. 56, 5309-5318. 

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1990) Vassileva S+, Int J Dermatol 29, 381 Tumors (malignant)... 

Aghajanian C, Soignet S, Dizon DS, Pez-zulli S,Daud A, etal. 2001. A phase I trial of the novel proteasome inhibitor PS341 in advanced solid tumor malignancies. 

Laskin WB, Weiss SW, Bratthauer GL. Epithelioid variant of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (malignant epithelioid schwannoma). Am J Surg Pathol. 1991 15 1136-1145. 

Kawahira H, Kobayashi S, Kaneko K, et al. p53 protein expression in intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMT) of the pancreas as an indicator of tumor malignancy. Hepatogastroenterology. 2000 47 973-977. 

Allopurinol is used not only in treating the hyperuricemia associated with gout but also in the secondary hyperuricemia associated with the use of antineoplastic agents. Therefore, allopurinol may be used in the management of patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor malignancies who are receiving cancer therapy that causes elevations of serum and urinary uric acid levels. Allopurinol may interfere with the metabolism of antineoplastic agents such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. 

Rasbnricase (Elitek) is a recombinant urate-oxidase that catalyzes the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid into the sol-nble and inactive metabolite allantoin. It has been shown to lower nrate levels more effectively than allopurinol. It is indicated in the initial management of elevated plasma nric acid levels in pediatric patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor malignancies who are receiving anticancer therapy expected to result in tumor lysis and significant hyperuricemia. 

CHAPTER 51 Antineoplastic Agents 901 solid tumor malignancies, including rituximab and alemtuzumab for lymphoid malignancies, and... 

Brain tumors rarely metastasize outside of the skull cavity to cause systemic manifestations of disease such as anemia, for which erythropoietin would be prescribed. Brain tumors, malignant or benign, kill by... 

Hakomori S. Tumor malignancy defined by aberrant glycosylation and sphingo (glyco)lipid metabohsm (review). Cancer Res 1996 56 5309-5318. 

SlOO Melanomas, schwannoma, neuroendocrine tumors Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, chondrosarcoma and chondroblastoma clear cell sarcomas, myoepithelial tumors, granulosa cell tumor Neural crest cells (glial cells, Schwann cells, melanocytes and nevus cells), chondrocytes, adipocytes, myoepithelial cells, macrophages, adrenal medulla and paraganglia, Langerhans cells, dendritic cells... 

The ambiguous histological differentiation and the controversial immunophenotype of synovial sarcoma make the microscopic diagnosis difficult, especially when the tumor occurs in atypical locations or when the tumor reveals a non-specific immunohistochemical phenotype, which may resemble the immunophenotypic profile of other malignancies such as different types of sarcoma (solitary fibrous tumor, malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumor, fibrosarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma or leiomyosarcoma), metaplastic carcinoma and mesothelioma. Since synovial sarcoma reveals a different clinical behavior than the other mentioned tumors, it is important to discriminate it from these malignancies and additional methods that are more specific may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. 

Table 5 Selected clinical trials of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of solid tumor malignancies... 

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