Exposure experiments

K. Willeke (ed.), Generation of Aerosols and Facilities for Exposure Experiments, Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Ml (1980). 

An important exception is that you do not want to teach your client to use distraction skills when engaging in cue-exposure experiences. As mentioned earlier, exposure requires experiencing some discomfort in order for the client to become desensitized to the drug-related cues. Since some distress-tolerance skills may involve distraction, they should not be used during cue exposure or used by clients to avoid exposure exercises. 

Toshihiko Tanaka for performing the optical exposure experiments... 

Heyder, J., Gebhart, J. and Stahlhofen, W. (1980). Inhalation of aerosols Particle deposition and retention. In Generation of Aerosols and Facilities for Exposure Experiments (Willeke, K., Ed.). Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, pp. 80-99. 

Fish. Initial reports to determine NP in fish referred to the non-specific analysis of 14C-labeled compounds administered in exposure experiments. Granmo and Kollberg [7] used a solubiliser employing pancreatic enzymes to extract 14C-labeled NP from exposed cod and analysed it by liquid scintillation counting. 

Invertebrates. In a sediment exposure experiment using invertebrates, for extraction of contaminants (including NP), invertebrates... 

The effect of ozone on lysosomal enzymes has been studied by a number of investigators. Ozone has been clearly shown to inactivate lysozyme in vitro, but the effects of inhaled ozone on the activity of lysozyme appear to depend on the pulmonary fraction under study. Holzman et al. reported that exposure of rabbits or mice to ozone resulted in a decrease in the lysozyme activity of bronchopulmonary lavage samples. The effect was linearly related to product of ozone concentration and duration of exposure, although relatively high concentrations of ozone (2.0-S.S ppm) were used in this acute-exposure experiment (1-4 h). The authors also reported that alveolar cells present in the bronchial lavage of rabbits exposed to ozone at 10 ppm for 3 h had a decrease in the rate of lysosomal... 

In a recent abstract, Hussain et al presented evidence that exposure of rats to ozone at 0.8 ppm for up to a week resulted in an increased rate of collagen thesis. Such a finding might be relevant to ozone-induced fibrosis. Obviously, further study of the biochemical effects of ozone on lung collagen and elastin are in order, particularly in conjunction with chronic-exposure experiments. 

Phthalates in general, as well as their substitutes, became large volume workplace chemicals and further ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Their impact on organism s health was relatively intense tested through several exposure experiments ([142, 305]). However, it seems that in general they display low toxicity [305], their effects being recorded only for high dose exposure levels... 

With respect to oral sensitization, attempts have been made to develop animal models of food allergy, which so far has proven to be complicated. One crucial point is the route of exposure experience indicates that it may not be possible to develop an animal model, which rnirnics the human sensitization via the oral route. Exposure via the diet or in drinking water appears in rodents to be more likely to cause immunological hyporesponsiveness (i.e., tolerance) than sensitization, and therefore it may be necessary to use parenteral induction in animal testing (Dearman and Kimber 2007). 

In a combined-exposure experiment oral administration of trichloroethylene containing 1,2-epoxybutane induced squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach in mice, whereas administration of the trichloroethylene alone did not. ... 

Tang, I. N., Deliquescence Properties and Particle Size Change of Hygroscopic Aerosols, in Generation of Aerosols and Facilities for Exposure Experiments (K. Willeke, Ed.), Chap. 7, pp. 153-167, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, 1980. 

Human Population Exposure Experience Radiation Exposure Control in a Nuclear Emergency SC 63-1 Public Knowledge SC 63-2 Criteria for Public Instrumentation... 

After the exposure experiment, the materials were dipped in purified water for 1-4 h. Nitrate and a small amount of nitrite were found in the leachate. The pH... 

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