Solid-phase extraction-mass spectrometry

Ding J. and Neue U.D., 1999. A new approach to the effective preparation of plasma samples for rapid drug quantitation using online solid phase extraction mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 13 2151. 

Ding J, Neue UD (1999) A New Approach to the Effective Preparation of Plasma Samples for Rapid Drug Quantitation of Plasma Samples for Rapid Drug Quantitation Using On-line Solid Phase Extraction Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 13 2151-2159... 

The liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) technique was proposed for the determination of corticosteroids in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, liquor) of children with leucosis. Preliminai y sample prepai ation included the sedimentation of proteins, spinning and solid-phase extraction. MS detection was performed by scanning selected ions, with three chai acteristic ions for every corticosteroids. The limit of detection was found 80 pg/ml of plasma. 

C. Aguilar, I. Feirer, R Bonnll, R. M. Marce and D. Barcelo, Monitoring of pesticides in river water based on samples previously stored in polymeric cartridges followed by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid cliromatography-diode array detection and confirmation by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry . Anal. Chim. Acta 386 237-248 (1999). 

E. Pocumll, C. Aguilar, M. C. Alonso, D. Barcelo, E. Bonnll and R. M. Marce, On-line solid-phase extraction-ion-pair liquid cliromatography-electi ospray mass spectrometry for the ti ace determination of naphthalene monosulphonates in water ,... 

T. Hankemeier, A. J. H. Louter, J. Dalliige, R. J. J. Vreuls and U. A. Th Brinkman, Use of a drying cartridge in on-line solid-phase extraction gas cliromatography-mass spectrometry , 7. High Resolut. Chromaiogr. 21 450-456 (1998). 

Vieno NM, Tuhkanen T, Kronberg L (2006) Analysis of neutral and basic pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants and in recipient rivers using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 1134 101-111... 

Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Dinsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2008) Multiresidue methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and illicit drugs in surface water and wastewater by solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 391(4) 1293-1308... 

Postigo C, Lopez De Alda MJ, Barcelo D (2008) Fully automated determination in the low nanogram per liter level of different classes of drugs of abuse in sewage water by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 80(9) 3123-3134... 

Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Dlnsdale RM, Guwy AJ (2007) Multi-residue method for the determination of basic/neutral pharmaceuticals and illicit dmgs in surface water by solid-phase extraction and ultra performance liquid chromatography-positive electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1161 132-145... 

Castiglioni S, Bagnati R, Calamari D, Fanelli R, Zuccato E (2005) A multiresidue analytical method using solid-phase extraction and high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to measure pharmaceuticals of different therapeutic classes in urban waste-waters. J Chromatogr A 1092 206-215... 

A new technique has been developed to analyze a- and (3-endosulfan concentrations in human urine (Vidal et al. 1998). Samples are mixed with a buffer solution and then passed through solid phase extraction cartridges for analysis using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). 

ECD = electron capture detector GC = gas chromatography HPLC = high-performance liquid chromatography MC = microcoulometric detector MS = mass spectrometry NICI = negative ion chemical ionization RSD = relative standard deviation SPE = solid phase extraction... 

Lin C-H, RH Lerch, EM Thurmkan, HE Garrett, ME George (2002) Determination of isoxaflutole (Balance) and its metabolites in water using solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry. J Agric Eood Chem 50 5816-5824. 

The biodegradation of branched-chain alkanol ethoxyethylates was carried out by the standard OECD confirmatory tests and the metabolites fractionated after solid-phase extraction. The structures of the metabolites were determined by electrospray mass spectrometry and this made it possible to derive a scheme for the partial degradation of the compounds (Di Corcia et al. 1998). 

Analytical methods for parent chloroacetanilide herbicides in soil typically involve extraction of the soil with solvent, followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE), and analysis by gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD) or gas chromatog-raphy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Analytical methods for parent chloroacetanilides in water are similarly based on extraction followed by GC with various detection techniques. Many of the water methods, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official methods, are multi-residue methods that include other compound classes in addition to chloroacetanilides. While liquid-liquid partitioning was used initially to extract acetanilides from water samples, SPE using... 

Residues of isoxaflutole, RPA 202248 and RPA 203328 are extracted from surface water or groundwater on to an RP-102 resin solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, then eluted with an acetonitrile-methanol solvent mixture. Residues are determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) on a Cg column. Quantitation of results is based on a comparison of the ratio of analyte response to isotopically labeled internal standard response versus analyte response to internal standard response for calibration standards. 

The need to understand the fate of pesticides in the environment has necessitated the development of analytical methods for the determination of residues in environmental media. Adoption of methods utilizing instrumentation such as gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has allowed the detection of minute amounts of pesticides and their degradation products in environmental samples. Sample preparation techniques such as solid-phase extraction (SPE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), or solid-phase microextraction (SPME) have also been important in the development of more reliable and sensitive analytical methods. 

Crop material is homogenized with acetonitrile-water (9 1, v/v). The crop extract is centrifuged and an aliquot is rotary evaporated to a small volume. The sample is subjected to a Cig solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup procedure. The concentrated eluate is subjected to liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. 

PLE pressurized liquid extraction, SPE solid phase extraction, UE ultrasonic extraction, DSPE dispersive solid phase extraction, SBSE stir bar sorptive extraction, TD-GC-MS thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, LAS linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, CDEAs coconut diethanol amides, NPEOs nonylphenol ethoxylates, DP degradation products, SPC sulphenyl carboxylates, PCDD dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), PCDF dibenzofurans, PCBs biphenyls... 

Lopez-Sema R, Perez S, Ginebreda A, Petrovic M, Barcelo D (2010) Fully automated determination of 74 pharmaceuticals in environmental and waste waters by online solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 83(2) 410 124... 

Combalbert S, Pype ML, Bemet N, Hemandez-Raquet G (2010) Enhanced methods for conditioning, storage, and extraction of liquid and solid samples of manure for determination of steroid hormones by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 398 973-984... 

Klejdus B, Vitamvasova D and Kuban V. 2001. Identification of isoflavone conjugates in red clover (Trifolium pratense) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after two-dimensional solid-phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 450 81-97. 

Riu et al. [542] has reported the determination of linear ethyl benzane-sulfates in coastal waters using automated solid-phase extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection, and confirmed by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. The detection limits were 1 pg/1 when 250 ml of coastal water was preconcentrated. 

Ferrer and Barcelo [131] used online solid-phase-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for the simultanous determination of organotin antifouling herbicides in marine water. The solid-phase extraction was carried out on polymeric cartridges after percolation of 100 ml of the seawater sample, and... 

Palma P, Kuster M, Alvarenga P, Palma VL, Fernandes RM, Soares AMVM, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barcelo D, Barbosa IR (2009) Risk assessment of representative and priority pesticides, in surface water of the Alqueva reservoir (South of Portugal) using on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Environ Int 35 545-551... 

Kuster M, de Alda MJL, Barata C, Raldua D, Barcelo D (2008) Analysis of 17 polar to semi-polar pesticides in the Ebro river delta during the main growing season of rice by automated on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 75(2) 390-401... 

Aguilar C, Borrull F, Marce RM (1997) Determination of pesticides in environmental waters by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with electron-capture and mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 771(1-2) 221-231... 

The analyses of illicit drugs and metabolites in the sampled waters were performed following a previously described and validated fully automated method based on on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS) [19]. 

Gheorghe A, Van Nuijs A, Pecceu B, Bervoets L, Jorens PG, Blust R, Neels H, Covaci A (2008) Analysis of cocaine and its principal metabolites in waste and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 391 1309-1319... 

Analysis of pesticides in water was performed by fully automated online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/ MS) [25, 31]. These pesticides (a total of 22 belonging to the classes of triazines, OP, chloroacetanilides, phenylureas, thiocarbamates, acid herbicides, and anilides) were selected on the basis of previously published studies [20, 25], information gathered from the water authorities, and known use in rice crops. 

Kampioti AA, da Cunha ACB, de Alda ML et al (2005) Fully automated multianalyte determination of different classes of pesticides, at picogram per litre levels in water, by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 382 1815-1825... 

We have used accurate mass measurements obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) to differentiate and profile saponins from M. truncatula roots. An example is provided (Fig.3.11) showing the MALDI-TOFMS spectra of a solid-phase extract of M truncatula root tissue. In this spectrum, we can identify multiple saponins. 

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