On-line solid-phase extraction

Figure 2.12 Schematic representation of an on-line SPE-GC system consisting of three switching valves (VI-V3), two pumps (a solvent-delivery unit (SDU) pump and a syringe pump) and a GC system equipped with a solvent-vapour exit (SVE), an MS instrument detector, a retention gap, a retaining precolumn and an analytical column. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, AIIS, A. J. H. Eouter et al, Analysis of microcontaminants in aqueous samples hy fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass selective detection , pp. 67-83, copyright 1996, with permission from Elsevier Science.

J. A. Pascual and J. Sanagustin, Eully automated analytical method for codeine quantification in human plasma using on-line solid-phase extraction and high-perfomance liquid clrromatogi aphy with ulti aviolet detection , 7. Chromatogr. B 724 295-302 (1999). 

J. Huwyler, S. Rufer, E. Kusters and J. Drewe, Rapid and highly automated determination of moipliine and moipliine glucuronides in plasma by on-line solid-phase extraction and column liquid cliromatography , 7. Chromatogr. B 674 51-63 (1995). 

G. Garcia-Encina, R. Eaixan, S. Puig and E. Maitinez, Validation of an automated liquid cliromatogi aphic method for omeprazole in human plasma using on-line solid-phase extraction , 7. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 21 371-382 (1999). 

D. Eigeys, A. Dua et and R. Aebersold, Identification of proteins by capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass specti ometiy . Evaluation of an on-line solid-phase extraction device , J. Chromatogr. A 763 295-306 (1997). 

E. Pocumll, R. M. Marce, F. Bonnll, J. L. Bernal, L. Toribio and M. L. Serna, On-line solid-phase extraction coupled to supercritical fluid chromatography to determine phenol and nitrophenols in water , ]. Chromatogr. 755 67-74 (1996). 

C. Aguilar, I. Feirer, R Bonnll, R. M. Marce and D. Barcelo, Monitoring of pesticides in river water based on samples previously stored in polymeric cartridges followed by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid cliromatography-diode array detection and confirmation by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry . Anal. Chim. Acta 386 237-248 (1999). 

S. Lacorte, J. J. Vreuls, J. S. Salau, R Ventura and D. Barcelo, Monitoring of pesticides in river water using fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction and liquid cliro-matography with diode array detection with a novel filrtation device , J. Chromatogr. 795 71-82(1998). 

E. Pocumll, C. Aguilar, M. C. Alonso, D. Barcelo, E. Bonnll and R. M. Marce, On-line solid-phase extraction-ion-pair liquid cliromatography-electi ospray mass spectrometry for the ti ace determination of naphthalene monosulphonates in water ,... 

T. Hankemeier, A. J. H. Louter, J. Dalliige, R. J. J. Vreuls and U. A. Th Brinkman, Use of a drying cartridge in on-line solid-phase extraction gas cliromatography-mass spectrometry , 7. High Resolut. Chromaiogr. 21 450-456 (1998). 

J. J. Vreuls, G. J. de Jong, U. A. Th Brinkman, K. Grob and A. Artho, On-line solid phase extraction-thermal desorption for- introduction of large volumes of aqueous samples into a gas cliromatograph , 7. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 14 455-459 (1991). 

Postigo C, Lopez De Alda MJ, Barcelo D (2008) Fully automated determination in the low nanogram per liter level of different classes of drugs of abuse in sewage water by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 80(9) 3123-3134... 

Table 4 Summary of on-line solid-phase extraction techniques applied to the determination of triazine pesticides...

TASPE Thermally assisted on-line solid-phase extraction... 

Reza, J., Trejo, A., Vera-Avila, L.E. (2002) Determination of the temperature dependence of water solubilities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a generator column-on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatographic method. Chemosphere 47, 933-945. 

Palma P, Kuster M, Alvarenga P, Palma VL, Fernandes RM, Soares AMVM, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barcelo D, Barbosa IR (2009) Risk assessment of representative and priority pesticides, in surface water of the Alqueva reservoir (South of Portugal) using on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Environ Int 35 545-551... 

Santos TCR, Rocha JC, Barcelo D (2000) Determination of rice herbicides, their transformation products and clolibric acid using on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography with diode array and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spec-trometric detection. J Chromatogr A 879(1) 3-12... 

Kuster M, de Alda MJL, Barata C, Raldua D, Barcelo D (2008) Analysis of 17 polar to semi-polar pesticides in the Ebro river delta during the main growing season of rice by automated on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 75(2) 390-401... 

The analyses of illicit drugs and metabolites in the sampled waters were performed following a previously described and validated fully automated method based on on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS) [19]. 

Van der Hoeven, R.A. et al. 1997. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with on-line solid-phase extraction by a restricted-access C18 precolumn for direct plasma and urine injection. J. Chromatosr. A. 762 193-200. 

Preetha CR, Biju VM, Rao TP. On-line solid phase extraction preconcentration of ultratrace amounts of zinc in fractionated soil samples for determination by flow injection flame AAS. At. Spectrosc. 2003 24 118-124. 

Section II covers the latest trends in reducing sample preparation time, including direct sample infusion/injection and on-line solid phase extraction (SPE). In Section III, we focus on newer trends in stationary phases and how these phases hope to offer different selectivities compared to current CIS-based phases. Section IV briefly provides a few observations on how new detectors are increasing the versatility of HPLC. Finally, in Section V we examine monolithic columns, small particles packed in short columns, high-temperature LC, ultra high-pressure LC, and parallel injection techniques. 

Turiel E, Bordin G, Rodriguez AR (2005) Deteraiination of quinolones and fluoroquinolones in hospital sewage water by off-line and on-line solid-phase extraction procedures coupled to HPLC-UV. J Sep Sci 28 257-267... 

Postigo C, de Alda MIL, Barcelo D et al (2010) Analysis and occurrence of selected medium to highly polar pesticides in groundwater of Catalonia (NE Spain) an approach based on on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry detection. J Hydrol 383 83-92... 

Benavente, R, Vescina, M. C., Hernandez, E., Sanz-Nebot, V., Barbosa, J., and Guzman, N. A., Lowering the concentration limits of detection by on-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1140(1-2), 205-212, 2007. 

Biological SRMs, Sea and river water ICP-QMS, Elan 5000 PlasmaQuad PQ2 ETV, on-line solid phase extraction 238U, 232Th ETV-ICP-QMS 0.9pgmr (238U) 0.3pgmr (232Th) Truscott et al,36... 

S Lacorte, D Barcelo. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and their transformation products in river water by automated on-line solid-phase extraction followed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 712 103—112, 1995. 

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