Information gathering

The ultrasonic testing of anisotropic austenitic steel welds is a commonly used method in nondestructive testing. Nevertheless, it is often a problem to analyze the received signals in a satisfactory way. Computer simulation of ultrasonics has turned out to be a very helpful tool to gather information and to improve the physical understanding of complicated wave phenomena inside the samples. 

The composition of PPG—PEG blends has been determined using gpc with coupled density and RI detectors. PEG and PPG have different response factors for the density and RI detectors which were exploited (173). An hplc system with CHROMPAC RP-18C2g column at 298°C and acetonitrile—water or methanol—water as the mobile phase has been used to gather information about the functionaUty of PPO (174). 

Also ealled the DUH Factor. You ll need to gather information from pressure gauges mounted to the existing system. With the previously mentioned formulas, the Hf and the Hv are estimated in the initial phase when everything is new. The Baehus Custodio method measures the exact Hf and Hv in any existing system. It doesn t matter when it was built. 

To gather information which will enable selection of appropriate control equipment. If a source test determines that the emission is 3000 mg of particulate per cubic meter and that it has a weight mean size of 5 p.m, a control device must be chosen which will collect enough particulate to meet some required standard, such as 200 mg per cubic meter. (4) To determine the efficiency of control equipment installed to reduce emissions. If a manufacturer supplies a device guaranteed to be 95% efficient for removal of particulate with a weight mean size of 5 /rm, the effluent stream must be sampled at the inlet and outlet of the device to determine if the guarantee has been met. 

All pollution prevention programs start the same - with an audit. The objective of an audit is to gather information aimed at developing a baseline description of the operations. Once we understand how much the costs of compliance to air and other pollution media are, then we can apply engineering tools and management practices to reduce these costs. 

Note that costs and benefits can be either one-time or recurring. Be sure to include them appropriately in your analysis. Follow these basic rules when gathering information and including costs in the ROI analysis ... 

Maximum usefulness and focus on end use. Remember that the PSM assessment phase is a means to an end the design and installation of a workable PSM system within your company. This means you may want to gather information that might otherwise not be included in comparable studies, audits, or reviews, e.g., data concerning resource allocations and requirements. If so, these considerations should be factored into both selection of your assessment method and the specific design of the tools you select. 

Despite their limitations, surveys can play a role in assessing PSM program status. Surveys can be used in advance of each site visit to gather information that you subsequently review with facility staff and verify during a visit. This may reduce the time needed on-site. 

If you decide to collect information through on-site visits, it s useful to begin with a written interview format to help ensure that you collect the information you need. Using such a format also enables you to gather information consistently from location to location in addition, it improves continuity, especially if more than one person will be conducting the interviews. 

The various analytical methods for predicting and reducing human error can be assigned to four groups or sections. In order to make a start on any form of analysis or prediction of human error, it is obviously necessary to gather information. The first section therefore describes a number of techniques that can be applied to acquire data about what the worker does, or what happened in an accident. 

To gather information about the factors which contributed to the above incident, interviews were held with the workers and their management. Relevant documentation such as standard operating procedures and documentation relating to the incident was also collected. A task analysis (see Case Study 3) of the job of the top floor person was carried out in order to examine the operations involved and the factors which could affect job performance. Two techniques were used for the analysis of this incident, namely variation tree analysis and root cause analysis. 

The efficiency of the existing systems is unlikely to be measured. Head counts of staff dedicated to PSM and ESH, and costs of PSM and ESH investments will be available. However, these provide no measure of efficiency and are probably inaccurate anyway. Other staff contribute part-time to PSM and ESH, and most projects will have benefits beyond PSM and ESH improvement. You should attempt to gather information on matters such as the time it takes to respond to new requirements and the annual costs of accidents, incidents, and noncompliances. These data will provide a baseline from which you can measure improvement as the integration project moves forward. 

The existing corporate audit was also used to gather information on the existing programs and elements... 

Surface Sensitivity. Using these Ideas, one can gather Information on a catalyst which can Indicate exactly which elements are on the surface and which are In second or deeper layers. To lllutstrate this Idea, consider MoS2 This material has a layered structure which has Mo sandwiched between sulfur layers. LEISS data reported elsewhere show that at low energies 600 eV) almost no Mo Is observed.(11) At higher energies,... 

The authors thank Charles Stafford, Elizabeth Kolbe, Paul Golden (US EPA OPP, Analytical Chemistry Branch) and Elizabeth Flynt (US EPA OPP, Environmental Chemistry Branch) for gathering information on the validation work performed by both branches Lynda V. Podhorniak, US EPA, for providing the grapefmit juice extracts and the HPLC/fiuorescence chromatogram of the grapefruit juice control ... 

One way to see if a chemical will hurt people is to learn how the chemical is absorbed, used, and released by the body. In the case of a radioactive chemical, it is also important to gather information concerning the radiation dose and dose rate to the body. For some chemicals, animal testing may be necessary. Animal testing may also be used to identify health effects such as cancer or birth defects. Without laboratory animals, scientists would lose a basic method to get information needed to make wise decisions to protect public health. Scientists have the responsibility to treat research animals with care and compassion. Laws today protect the welfare of research animals, and scientists must comply with strict animal care guidelines. 

Assessing the environmental risks associated with additives along the whole product s life cycle at a global scale is an issue of paramount relevance, which requires the development of proper methodologies and effort to gather information. 

The goal is, both to gather information on the orientation distribution g(q>, y/) of the rods, and to reconstruct the scattering intensity Iopt (s) of the perfectly oriented rod. 

The consequence is that data has to be maintained and consolidated in two systems. Because also some planning and production execution functions will stay in the ERP system, there is quite often the need for the planner to work with both systems and to gather information from both systems (e.g., customer order details, confirmations from production execution, which is handled in the ERP system) to make planning decisions. 

Planning is done by humans who use computer support tools like simulation, optimization and production planning programs. They gather information from these systems, make trial decisions and monitor the consequences. 

In order to perform the various tasks mentioned in Section 11.1.2, it is necessary to use one or several methods to gather information by NMR spectroscopy. Typically, chemical shift and coupling constant information, 2D-NMR measurements, variable temperature or pressure studies are used. If appropriate, specific examples of the particular topic as applied in homogeneous hydrogenation research are detailed below. 

Besides the intake interview, which can help gather information, there are a number of assessment measures for determining the quality of an important interpersonal relationship. The questions on these measures generally ask about things like communication styles, satisfaction in the relationship, joint decision making, and in some cases, abusive behavior. Two of the most well-known measures are the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976) and the Marital Satisfaction Inventory (Snyder, 1979). Therapists and counselors also may choose to interview couples together (with the consent of client and partner), and some therapists may recommend couples therapy (see Chapter 5) as part of the overall approach to treatment if deemed appropriate to help the client. Relationship assessments can yield important information that may be useful when working with couples. 

If the client consents to involvement of family or friends, they can be good sources for information that can help you devise a thoughtful treatment plan. As mentioned earlier in this chapter, people with drug problems may have relationship stressors that need to be addressed in order to promote a successful treatment outcome. Being able to gather information from partners or friends about the nature of these stressors adds another dimension to understanding the source and treatment for the problems. Sometimes a family member or friend has a different view on the nature of a problem or on the behavior pattern related to a problem that may help you better understand how to treat it. 

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