Solid—phase extraction dispersive

PLE pressurized liquid extraction, SPE solid phase extraction, UE ultrasonic extraction, DSPE dispersive solid phase extraction, SBSE stir bar sorptive extraction, TD-GC-MS thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, LAS linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, CDEAs coconut diethanol amides, NPEOs nonylphenol ethoxylates, DP degradation products, SPC sulphenyl carboxylates, PCDD dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), PCDF dibenzofurans, PCBs biphenyls... 

Anastassiades, M., Lehotay, S.J., Stajnhaher, D., Schenck, F.J. Fast and easy multrresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J. AOAC InL 86(2), 412-431 (2003)... 

Pesticides are extracted from grapes with acetonitrile using a singlephase extraction followed by liquid-liquid partitioning formed by addition of MgS04 and NaCl. Removal of residual water and clean up are performed simultaneously by using dispersive solid-phase extraction. The pesticide extract was analyzed by GC/MS. 

There is also a new form of SPE, called matrix dispersion solid-phase extraction, which uses the solid phase (silica and C-18) to grind the samples and prepare the analyte for extraction. The food product is incorporated into the pores of the 40-pm packing material in the grinding process, which is done in a mortar and pestle, and the packing material is then packed into a... 

Fagerquist CK, Lightfleld AR, Lehotay SJ, Confirmatory and quantitative analysis of fS-lactam antibiotics in bovine kidney tissue by dispersive solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 2005 77 1473-1482. 

Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is an SPE variant where samples are ground and mixed with a support. In the initial application, samples were placed in a disposable column previously packed with Florisil, which trapped the fat from the sample and allowed the compounds of interest to be eluted. This has successfully been applied to the determination of lipophilic pesticides from both fatty and non-fatty matrixes. Recently, an orthogonal technique, dispersive solid-phase extraction, for the isolation and analysis of a variety of pesticides on numerous food matrixes has been introduced. The technique is called QuEChERS, which stands for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe. The technique offers advantages in time and solvent usage since it uses approximately 10 ml of solvent per sample when compared to the potentially hundreds of milliliters of solvent used for more standard extraction and isolation protocols. It uses a combination of MgS04 and primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent not only to remove water and non-target compounds, but also isolate the compounds of interest. 

Yang, R. Z, Wang, J. H., Wang, M. 1., Zhang, R., Lu, X. Y., and Liu, W. H. 2011. Dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup combined with accelerated solvent extraction for the determination of carbamate pesticide residues in radix glycyrrhizae samples by UPLC-MS-MS. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 49 702-708. 

Acronyms d SPE dispersive solid-phase extraction HILIC hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography IT ion trap LLE liquid—liquid extraction MSPD matrix solid-phase dispersion PGC porous graphitized carbon PLE pressurized-liquid extraction PHWE pressurized hot-water extraction QqQ triple quadrupole QLIT quadrupole linear ion trap QuEChERS quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe TCA trichloroacetic acid UHPLC ultraperformance liquid chromatography ZIC ttILIC zwitterionic hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography. 

Khan, A. (2012) QuEChERS Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for the GC-MS Analysis of Pesticides in Cucumber, Application Note 20549, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Runcorn. 

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