Water coastal

Fig. 6. A salmon net-pen in Scotland designed for use offshore, and in this case, exposed coastal waters.

The intensity of bioluminescence emission is > 2 x 10 photon /s-cm in the dinoflageUate Gonyaulax and the spectmm of light emission ranges from 450—490 nm (blue) in deep sea species, 490—520 nm (green) in coastal water species, and 510—580 nm (yeUow-green) in terrestrial and freshwater species. 

Table 3. Coastal Water Quality Criteria for Toxic Substances Other Than Biocides ...

W. P. Davis and S.A. Bortone, Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology Volume XXL Chemically-Induced Alterations in Sexual and Eunctional Development The Wildlife/Human Connection, ed. T. Colborn and C. Clement, Princeton Scientific, New Jersey, 1992, p. 113. D.L. MacLatchy, Z. Yao, L. Tremblay and G.J. Van Der Kraak, in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposinm on Reprodnctive Physiology of Eish, University of Texas, Austin, 1997, p. 189. P. E. Gibbs and G. W. Bryan, in Biomonitoring of Coastal Waters and Estuaries, ed. K. J. M. Kramer, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994, p. 205. 

If necessary, EPA is required to promulgate regulations to control the atmospheric deposition of hazardous air pollutant to surface and coastal waters. 

Hazards to populated areas on land may arise from accidents to ships in port or in coastal waters close to land. Principal liazards associated willi sliips arc fire or explosion on the vessel itself or spillage of a flammable or toxic material. 

Enormous amounts of waste dumped into water systems are degrading water quality and causing increased human health problems. In assessing this pollution, there are two distinct problem areas. The first, and worst, is in marine estuaries and associated coastal waters. As fewer and fewer alternatives remain for land disposal, wastes are finding their way more often into water. The second area consists of the oceans themselves, tiltliough it is believed tliat currently not much of a problem exists, because relatively little waste is dumped... 

Not ranked Biotecliiiology, global wanning, estuaries, coastal waters and oceans discliarge... 

Trade effluents may be discharged to the municipal sewers, to surface waters or on or into the land. Discharges to surface waters, including estuaries and coastal waters, or into the land, are controlled by means of Consents to... 

Anthozoa. Anthozoans are plant-shaped polyps, either solitary or colonial, completely lacking the medusoid stage. They are found along coastal waters and include the luminescent genera Renilla (the sea pansies), Cavernularia (the sea cactuses), and Ptilosarcus and Pennatula (the sea pens). Bioluminescent anthozoans emit light by a luciferin-luciferase reaction that involves coelenterazine as the... 

Observations of the ratio of oxidized plutonium to reduced plutonium may provide some insight to the observations of erratic formation and lack of equilibration in laboratory solutions at ORNL versus fairly consistent and predictable behavior in oligo-trophic lakes and marine systems. In coastal water and the relatively shallow Lake Michigan, Pu(V) is about 90 percent of the soluble plutonium, but in the upper waters of the open ocean, where it does not interact with the seafloor due to the depths,... 

Over the past decade, plastic debris has become a common feature of beaches and coastal waters adjoining populated areas of Europe (36-38), the Mediterranean (39-41), North and Central America (42-44) and New Zealand (45). Plastics are also present in the open ocean both near the major shipping lanes and in the most remote regions of the world (the Arctic (46), the Benguela Current (47), the Cape Basin area of the South Atlantic (48), the Humboldt Current in the South Pacific (49), and the Antarctic (50, 51). 

The first reports of plastic in the North Atlantic indicated the presence of 50-12,000 particles/km in the Sargasso Sea in 1972 (52) and from 0-14.1 particles per m in coastal waters of southern New England (42), where the main source was river-borne effluents from plastic fabrication plants (44). Plastic objects discarded from boats and from recreational activities on beaches were the main sources of debris in Narragansett Bay, being deposited at a rate of 9.6 g m of beach front per month (53). During a detailed survey off the southeast coast of the United States (43, 54), fragments of plastic were present in about 70% of the samples collected from the waters of the continental shelf, the continental slope and the Gulf Stream between Florida and Cape Cod, 50% of those from the Caribbean Sea, and 60% of those from the Antilles Current. Since unprocessed plastic was more prevalent in continental shelf waters and fabricated objects were common offshore but rare near land, the authors surmised... 

Bjorkman, K. and Karl, D. M. (1994). Bioavailability of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds to natural assemblages of microorganisms in Hawaiian coastal waters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. Ill, 265-273. 

Imberger J (1979) Mixing in reservoirs. In Fisher HG, List EJ, Koh RCY, Imberger J, Brooks NH (eds) Mixing in inland and coastal waters. Academic, New York... 

Rau, G.H. (1982). The relationship between trophic level and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. In Coastal water research project biennial report for the years 1981-1982. Edited by W. Bascom. Southern California Water Research Project, Long Beach, Calif, pp. 143-148. 

Tributyltin compounds used as antifouling agents on boats have had serious toxic effects upon many mollusks, including populations of oysters and dog whelks. Females of the latter species developed a condition known as imposex, which rendered them infertile and caused local extinction of the population in shallow coastal waters. Imposex provides the basis for a valuable biomarker assay. 

Varanasi, U., Stein, J.E., and Reichert, W.L. et al. (1992). Chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom sediments, fish and marine mammals in US coastal waters laboratory and field studies of metabolism and accumulation. In C.H. Walker and D.R. Livingstone (Eds.) Persistent Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems, Oxford, U.K. Pergamon Press, 83-118. 

Estuaries, coastal waters. Great Lakes (including sediments, mussels, fish)... 

J. Wiechert, M. L. Rideout, D. I. Little, D. M. McCormick, E. H. Owens, and B. K. Trudel. Development of dispersant pre-approval for Washington and Oregon coastal waters. In Proceedings Volume, pages 435-438. 12th Bien API et al Oil Spill (Prev, Behav, Contr, Cleanup) Int Conf (San Diego, CA, 3/4-3/7), 1991. 

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