Sarcoma 182 tumors

The delivery of doxorubicin to the SI80 sarcoma (tumor) in mice, using niosomes as a carrier, has been studied by Rogerson [168]. Much higher tumor drug levels were reported with niosomes prepared using the nonionic surfactant I and 50% cholesterol than with free... 

Host resistance Bacterial models—Listeria monocytogenes (mortality or spleen clearance) Streptococcus species (mortality) Viral models—influenza (mortality) Parasitic models—Plasmodium yoelii (parasitemia) or Trichinella spiralis (muscle larvae counts and worm expulsion) Syngeneic tumor models—PYB6 sarcoma (tumor incidence) B16F10 melanoma (lung burden). 

Sarcoma Tumors of connective tissues, muscles, fat cells, bones, and related organs. 

Replacement of the two chlorine atoms in 3-phenyl-5,7-dichloro-l,2,3-triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine gave 3,5,7-trisubstituted triazolopyrimidine derivatives [84JAP(K)5962595], which showed anticarcinogenic activity against sarcoma tumor cells in mice. Compounds 159 have been used as an-ticarcinogenics [81JAP(K)8131586,81JAP(K)8131587]. 

Sarcoma Tumors of connective tissues, muscles, fat cells, bones, and related organs Sclerosis A thickening or hardening of a body part, as of an artery, especially from excessive formation of hbrous interstitial tissue Sensitizer A chemical substance that on first exposure causes little or no reaction. However, repeated exposure induces a marked response not necessarily limited to the exposure site. This is usually associated with skin sensitization and exposure to chemical substances SER Smooth endoplasmic reticulum... 

Albini, A., Florio, T., Giunciuglio, D., Masiello, L., Carlone, S., Corsaro, A., Thellung, S., Cai, T., Noonan, D. M. and Schettini, G. (1999). Somatostatin controls Kaposi s sarcoma tumor growth through inhibition of angiogenesis. FASEB J. 13, 647-655. 

Pegylated liposomes (diameter about 70-100 nm) and liposomal daunorubicin (diameter 45 nm) are small enough to pass intact through defective blood vessels that supply tumors. This, rather than any particular affinity for tumor cells, is the reason for their accumulation in tumor tissue (2). Caelyx provides a greater concentration of doxorubicin in Kaposi s sarcoma tumors than in normal skin. 

FIGURE 12.13 Kaposi s sarcoma tumor cells express vascular markers such as CD31. X 400. 

Weiss LM, Grogan TM, Muller-Hermelink HK, et al. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor. Tumors of Haematopoeitic and Lymphoid Tissues. Washington, DC WHO/IARC Press 2001, 286-288. 

Subsequent to these early observations, scientists discovered that transplantation of a mouse sarcoma tumor Into a chick led to a marked Increase In the numbers of certain types of neurons. This finding Implicated the tumor as a rich source of the presumed trophic factor. To Isolate and purify this factor, known simply as nerve growth factor (NGF), scientists used an In vitro assay In which outgrowth of neurltes from sensory ganglia (nerves) was measured. Neurltes are extensions of the cell cytoplasm that can grow to become the long wires of the nervous system, the axons and dendrites... 

The response of cells to radiotherapy also depends upon the rate of cell division, and the cell s physiological environment. Normal tissues that are characterized by a comparatively high rate of cell division (e.g., bone marrow, lymph nodes, gonads, intestinal mucous membrane, skin) have a high radiosensitivity. Among the most radiosensitive cancerous diseases are leukemia, malignant lymphoma (lymph-node cancer), Ewing s sarcoma (tumor of the skeleton), and myeloma. Even moderately radiosensitive tumors, e.g., cervical cancer in women, can often be treated successfully with radiotherapy alone. 

Albini, A., Morini, M., D Agostini, F., Ferrari, N., Campelli, F., Arena, G., Noonan, D.M., Pesce, C., and De Flora, S., Inhibition of angiogenesis-driven Kaposi s sarcoma tumor growth in nude mice by oral N-acetylcysteine, Cancer Res., 61, 8171-8178, 2001. 

Strausser HR, Humes JL. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition Effect on bone changes and sarcoma tumor induction in balb/c mice. Int J Cancer 1975 15 724-730. 

In January 1893, Dr. William B. Coley began the administration of a heat-sterilized combined culture of Streptococcus pyogenes (the virulent cause of the disease erysipelas) and Serratia marcescens (a mild pathogen involved in eye and urinary infections), His patient was a 16 year old boy with a large inoperable abdominal sarcoma tumor (a sarcoma is a cancerous growth derived from muscle, bone, cartilage, or connective tissue). The boy developed the chills, headache, fever, local redness, and swelling of an erysipelas infection. The tumor shrank by 80% and the patient remained cancer-free for more than 20 years (Hobohm, 2009). 

Fong ELS, et al. Modeling ewing sarcoma tumors in vitro with 3D scaffolds. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013 110 6500-5. 

Not only is TCDO a potent therapeutic agent in acute radiation syndrome, but treatment using TCDO from days 4—11 after TBI increases the survival rate in rats for up to one year, protects against the development of late GI ulcers, and also reduces the development of y-ray-induced leukemias and malignant epitheHal tumors, but not sarcomas (202). The anticarcinogenic effect of TCDO maybe related to the inhibition of PGs, which promote carcinogenesis, or to immunostimulation, which may result in a more effective elimination of malignant cells. 

Chloroethylamino derivatives of thiophene were found to be quite toxic and inhibited the growth of tumors (sarcoma 45, Ehrlich s tumor) only slightly. ... 

AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is the final stage of disease caused by infection with HIV. In this stage, the vims infection has severely affected the immune system, causing a depletion of CD4+ T-helper cells. AIDS is characterized by the manifestation of typical diseases caused by opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, CMV retinitis, candidiasis of the esophagus, cerebral toxoplasmosis), neurological manifestations, cachexia, or certain tumors (Kaposi sarcoma of the skin, B-cell lymphoma). 

Clinical trials showed therapeutic efficacy in a broad spectrum of tumors these include SCLC, testicular tumors, sarcomas, breast cancer, renal cell cancer, pancreatic tumors and lymphomas. Ifosfamide is less myelosuppressive than cyclophosphamide but is more toxic to the bladder. Therefore it is recommended that ifosfamide is coadministered with the thiol compound mesna to avoid hemorrhagic cystitis and to reduce the risk of developing bladder cancer. Other side effects include neurotoxicity and myelosuppression. 

Carmustine is a bicyclohexylnitrosourea (BCNU, Fig. 3) with broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity (e.g., lymphomas, multiple myeloma, sarcomas, brain tumors, gastrointestinal tumors, melanomas). At doses of 80-200 mg/m2 it is given i.v. at 6 week s intervals. 

Liposomal encapsulation of DOX or DNR Preferred anthracycline delivery to the tumor Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma, multiple myeloma (pegylated liposomal DOX). Breast cancer (uncoated liposomal DOX). AIDS-related Kaposi s sarcoma, acute mye-loblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin s lymphomas (uncoated liposomal DNR)... 

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