Gastrointestinal tumors

Carmustine is a bicyclohexylnitrosourea (BCNU, Fig. 3) with broad spectrum of antineoplastic activity (e.g., lymphomas, multiple myeloma, sarcomas, brain tumors, gastrointestinal tumors, melanomas). At doses of 80-200 mg/m2 it is given i.v. at 6 week s intervals. 

CAT9-9. This is a marker for many gastrointestinal tumors such as cholangiocarcinomas. 

Upper gastrointestinal tumors Esophageal motility disorder... 

In vitro studies have shown that increasing the number of repeats leads to stepwise increases of TS gene expression with the presence of a triple repeat resulting in a 2.6-fold greater TS expression than a double repeat [70, 80]. In vivo studies in human gastrointestinal tumors have shown a significant increase in TS protein levels and functional activity in patients with TSER 3 compared to individuals with TSER 2 [81]. As TS tumor levels are important for resistance and survival prediction, this may have important implications for TS-based chemotherapy. 

Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Prolongation of the disease-free interval in surgically treated rectal carcinoma. NEng JMed 1985 312 1465-1472. 

Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Treatment of locally unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas comparison of combined-modality therapy (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy) to chemotherapy alone. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988 80 751-755. 

GITSG, Further evidence of effective adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection of pancreatic cancer. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Cancer 1987 59(12) 2006-2010. 

Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Radiation therapy and fluorouracil with or without semustine for the treatment of patients with surgical adjuvant adenocarcinoma of the rectum. J Clin Oncol 1992 10 549-557. 

G. Steele Jr., R. Bleday, R.J. Mayer, A. Lindblad, N. Petrelli, D. Weaver, A prospective evaluation of hepatic resection for colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group Protocol (6584), J. Clin. Oncol. 9(7) (1991) 1105-1112. 

One of 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in an open study stopped using long-acting octreotide because of severe diarrhea and weight loss of 3 kg (34). These effects are dose-related and are similar in healthy volunteers, acromegalic patients, and patients with gastrointestinal tumors (3). 

Primary liver cancer, or HCC, is a rare type of cancer in Western countries, but occurs frequently in Africa and Asia. HCC is often the sequel to chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, nutritional deficiencies, or specitic toxins. More common types of cancer occurring in the liver are metastatic diseases, which originate mainly from primary gastrointestinal tumors. For the growth of these and other solid tumors, sprouting of the vascular system, called angiogenesis, is essential to provide an adequate blood supply to the tumor cells. Nutrients and oxygen are needed for the proliferation of tumor cells [134-136],... 

Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1988,80, 1011. 

Anti-Yo (PCA-1) Cdr2 Cytoplasm of Purkinje cells Cerebellar degeneration, brain stem encephalitis Ovary, breast, gastrointestinal tumors... 

Overview of Oral Health Effects. Studies in humans and animals indicate that ingestion of asbestos causes little or no risk of noncarcinogenic injury. However, there is some evidence that acute oral exposure may induce precursor lesions of colon cancer, and that chronic oral exposure may lead to an increased incidence risk of gastrointestinal tumors. Studies that provide quantitative data on the effects of ingested asbestos are summarized in Table 3-3 and Figure 3-3, and the data are discussed below. 

Lemmer K, Ahnert-Hilger G, Hopfner M, Hoegerle S, Faiss S, Grabowski P, Jockers-Scherubl M, Riecken EO, Zeitz M, Scherubl H (2002) Expression of dopamine receptors and transporter in neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumor cells. Life Sci 71 667-678. 

Wasserman E, Cuvier C, Lokiec F, Goldwasser F, Kalla S, Mery-Mignard D, Ouldkaci M, Besmaine A, Dupont-Andre G, Mahjoubi M, Marty M, Misset JL, Cvitkovic E. Combination of oxaliplatin plus irinotecan in patients with gastrointestinal tumors results of two independent phase I studies with pharmacokinetics. J Clin Oncol 1999 17(6) 1751-9. 

The nitrosoureas include streptozotocin, an agent useful in treating pancreatic (islet cell) tumors, and the carmustine, lomustine and semustine group, useful in treating brain and gastrointestinal tumors. Streptozotocin induces a reversible, mild nephropathy characterized by proteinuria in 50-70% of patients... 

Note [G] = treated for Gastrointestinal tumor [R] = treated for Metastatic renal cell carcinoma... 

Amplification of HER-2/neu is found in breast, ovarian, and gastrointestinal tumors. In breast cancer, it appears to be as useful a prognostic indicator of overall survival as tumor size or ER and PR expression, but not as good as the number of lymph nodes involved in metastases. Elevated serum HER-2/neu antigen levels have been shown to correlate witli decreased response to hormone therapy of breast cancer. Of the three oncogenes—HER-2/ e , ras, and c-myc— HER-2/neu has the strongest prognostic value in breast cancer. 

The evidence for the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde in rats exposed to formaldehyde-containing drinking water is not strong due to inconsistency of findings across studies and inconsistent evidence of a dose-response relationship for either leukemia or gastrointestinal tumors in the Soffritti et al. (1989) study. 

GITSG Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group HAI hepatic artery infusion HD high-dose... 

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