Cancer, cervical

High intake + High intake no Low intake + Low intake no HRT HRT HRT HRT 

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Pentoxifylline is stmcturaHy related to other methylxanthine derivatives such as caffeine [58-02-2] (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), theobromine [83-67-0] (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and theophylline [58-55-9] (3,7-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1 H-piirine-2,6-dione or 1,3-dimethylxanthine), which also show radioprotective activity in some instances, suggesting that methylxanthines as a dmg class may radioprotect through a common mechanism (see Alkaloids). In a retrospective analysis of cervical and endometrial cancer patients receiving primary or adjuvant XRT, no association between caffeine consumption and incidence of acute radiation effects has been found. However, there was a decreased incidence of severe late radiation injury in cervical cancer patients who consumed higher levels of caffeine at the time of thek XRT (121). The observed lack of correlation between caffeine consumption and acute radiation effects is consistent with laboratory investigations using pentoxifylline. 

In more recent times, large doses of vitamin C have been claimed to prevent the common cold, cure infertility, delay the onset of symptoms in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and inhibit the development of gastric and cervical cancers. None of these claims have been backed by medical evidence, however. In the largest study yet done of the effect of vitamin C on the common cojd, a meta-analysis of more than 100 separate trials covering 40,000 people found no difference in the incidence of colds between those who took supplemental vitamin G regularly and those who did not. When taken during a cold, however, vitamin C does appear to decrease the cold s duration by 8%. 

Human papilloma virus (HPV) Cervical cancer, oral cancer E6, E7 Inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation... 

Abu J, Batuwangala M, Herbert K et al (2005) Retinoic acid and retinoid receptors potential chemopreventive and therapeutic role in cervical cancer. Lancet Oncol 6 712-720... 

Cervical cancer tissue characterized by high-resolution magic angle spinning MR spectroscopy, MAGMA), Magn. Re-son. Mater. Phys., Biol. Med. 16, 174-181. 

There appears to be an increased risk for the development of cervical cancer among long-term users of oral contraceptives.1 Whether or not this increase in risk can be attributed directly to the use of oral contraceptives is uncertain, however. Data suggest that oral contraceptive users, on average, tend to have more sexual partners and use condoms less frequently, and as a result, this may increase their susceptibility to becoming infected with human papilloma virus (HPV), a known risk factor for cervical cancer. 

Since HPV has been recently discovered to be highly associated with cervical cancer and since there are more than 20 different cancer-associated HPV types, patients who are diagnosed with HPV should be tested for cervical cancer. 

Byrnes, D. M., M. H. Antoni, K. Goodkin, j. Efantis-Potter, D. Asthana, T. Simon et al., Stressful Events, Pessimism, Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity, and Cytotoxic/Suppressor T Cells in Hiv+ Black Women at Riskfor Cervical Cancer , Psychosomatic Medicine 60 (1998) 714-22... 

Nasmyth The work by Gareth Williams and Ron Laskey with the MCM proteins in cervical cancer is an example of a cell cycle gene that is presumably part of some huge battery of genes that is somehow related to whether the cell is in a proliferative state. It turns out to be rather a good marker for tumour cells. But it is nothing directly to do with proliferation itself. 

The ThinPrep Pap Test is a replacement for conventional method of Pap smear preparation for screening of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions. 

A 35-year-old female is being treated for cervical cancer with cis-platin. Of the following, how is ci splat in classified ... 

DNA viruses, such as adenoviruses and papovaviruses (e.g. polyoma and SV40), induce cellular transformation in rodents. Other viruses have been implicated in human cancers. Epstein-Barr virus, for example, has been implicated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, (3-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin s lymphoma. Human papilloma virus is linked to most cervical cancers. 

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer Pelvic inflammatory disease... 

Candidiasis of bronchi, trachea, or lungs Candidiasis, esophageal Cervical cancer, invasive... 

Islander women have the lowest screening rates for cervical cancer cervical cancer rates for Vietnamese women are the highest among all groups, nearly five times the rates of white women (Mayberry, 1999). 

UV-irradiated cells. Using cell-free cytosolic keratinocyte extracts, Simon and colleagues26 confirmed the role of membrane oxidation in NF-kB activation. Particularly important aspects of the experimental design employed by Simon and colleagues was the use of keratinocytes versus cells derived from a cervical cancer patient, and the use of biologically relevant UVB (290 to 320 nm) radiation versus UVC (200 to 290 nm) radiation, which is filtered out by the atmospheric ozone layer and does not reach the earth s surface. Overall, these data indicate that the activation of cytokine transcription, a step essential for the induction of immune suppression, can occur independently of UV-induced DNA damage and suggest that membrane lipid oxidation can serve as a UV photoreceptor. 

Camacho-Arroyo, I., Duenas-Gonzalez, A., Perez-Cardenas, E., Pardo, L.A., Morales, A., Taja-Chayeb, L., Escamilla, J., Sanchez-Pena, C. and Camacho, J. (2004) Ether a go-go potassium channels as human cervical cancer markers. Cancer Research, 64, 6996—7001. 

IL-6 induces terminal maturation of B cells, promotes the growth of hy-bridoma/myeloma cells and T cells, and acts upon haematopoietic progenitors in synergy with IL-1 and IL-3. It also induces the production of acute-phase proteins by liver cells. In addition to its production by neutrophils, IL-6 is also synthesised by monocytes, T and B cells, fibroblasts, cardiac myxoma cells, some bladder carcinomas, cervical cancer cells and glioblastomas. Stimulated neutrophils generate about ten times less IL-6 (on a per-cell basis) than do monocytes. 

The presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with female genital tract diseases such as condyloma, Bowenoid papulosis, and cervical, vaginal, and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma. A general concern is the association of HPV with cervical cancer (Gl). The HPV consists of an icosahedral viral particle (virion) containing 8000 base pairs, a circular, double-stranded piece of DNA surrounded by a protein capsid. Viral replication takes place within the nuclei of infected squamous epithelial cells (H5). Following infection of epithelial cells, the viral DNA penetrates throughout the entire thickness of the epithelium, but intact viruses are found only in the upper layers of tissue. 

Cervical Cancer. In female AIDS patients, cancer of the cervix is observed with high frequency. Cervical cancer is a fairly common cancer in women, although it typically affects women of middle age or older. Infection with certain strains of human papilloma virus (HPV) that cause warts in the genital tract is an underlying cause of cervical cancer. 

A new subunit recombinant vaccine is Gardasil it is a tetravalent vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) implicated in cervical cancer. See Exhibit 4.5 for details. 

Gardasil is a noninfectious recombinant vaccine consisting of capsid proteins from four different human papillomaviruses (HPVs) of types 6,11, 16, and 18. HPV causes squamous cell cervical cancer and cervical adenocarcinoma, as well as 35-50% of vulvar and vaginal cancers. 

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