Tumors models

The novel agent sulofenur (69) has entered clinical trials based on its broad spectmm antitumor activity in tumor models, its unusual mechanism of action, and its lack of cross-resistance to other agents (33). In Phase I clinical trials, the dmg was well tolerated and some clinical responses were noted. 

Storm, G., Roerdink, F. H., Steerenberg, P. A., De jong, W. H., and Crommelin, D. J. A. (1987). Influence of lipid composition on the antitumor activity exerted by doxorubicin-containing liposomes in a rat solid tumor model, Cancer Res., 47, 3366-3372. 

Mirabelli, C.K., Johnson, R.K., Sung, C.M., Faucetter, L., Muirhead, K. and Crooke, S.T. (1985) Evaluation of the in vivo antitumor activity and in vitro cytotoxic properties of auranofin, a coordinated gold compound, in murine tumor models. Cancer Research, 45, 32-39. 

Due to the second criterion, time-to-tumor models were eliminated from consideration. These models require more detailed experimental data than is generally available. Moreover, it is difficult and unproductive to interpret the distribution of time-to-tumor in the context of human exposures. In most cases, the time-to-tumor variable would be integrated over a human lifetime, thus reducing the model to a purely dose-dependent one. Therefore we restrict our attention to quantal response models that estimate lifetime risks. 

CpG ODNs are also effective as vaccine adjuvants to enhance adaptive TH1 cellular immune responses.104 In mice, CpG ODNs can trigger strong TH1 responses,105 enhancing the number and function of tumor-specific Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and IFN-y secreting T cells.106 This has resulted in therapeutic vaccines in mouse tumor models where no other approach has shown comparable efficacy, even with large (1 cm) established tumors.107 108 Even without a vaccine, CpG ODNs can induce CD8+ T cell-mediated regression of established tumors with durable memory responses.109... 

Kelland et al. (124, 125) have developed a series of trans-platinum(IV) complexes such as 17 (JM335) with marked antitumor efficacy against both murine and human s.c. tumor models (125). It is... 

Complex 43 (Germanium-132 or spirogermanium) is active in a number of preclinical tumor models, but was disappointing in clinical trials (199). It has recently been reported that 43 and related azaspir-ane show promising activity against psoriasis (203). 

So far rhodium complexes have not exhibited the characteristics required for an antitumor drug, perhaps because they often show activity only in a very limited number of tumor models. Nevertheless, activity data for complexes in several oxidation states are encouraging for further studies. 

Host resistance Bacterial models—Listeria monocytogenes (mortality or spleen clearance) Streptococcus species (mortality) Viral models—influenza (mortality) Parasitic models—Plasmodium yoelii (parasitemia) or Trichinella spiralis (muscle larvae counts and worm expulsion) Syngeneic tumor models—PYB6 sarcoma (tumor incidence) B16F10 melanoma (lung burden). 

B12 H11S H2 was the first compound to be used successfully in BNCT. Its synthesis by Soloway [63] was followed by testing in a mouse model, where uptake in a brain tumor model was found. As was discovered much later, the majority of this compound had been oxidized to the disulfide, which in mice has much better tumor accumulation than B,2HnSH2 [58]. Retention in and binding to tumor... 

K.W. Singletary and B. Meline, Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins on colon aberant crypts and breast tumors in a rat dual-organ tumor model. Nutr. Cane. 39 (2001) 252-258. 

These data summarized above suggest that PDT with fullerenes is not only possible in animal tumor models, but demonstrate the potential use of these compounds as PS for PDT of cancer. 

Brigger I, Morizet J, Laudani L, Aubert G, Appel M, Velasco V, Terrier-Lacombe MJ, Desmaele D, d Angelo J, Couvreur P, Vassal G (2004) Negative preclinical results with stealth) (R)) nano-spheres-encapsulated Doxorubicin in an orthotopic murine brain tumor model. Journal of Controlled Release 100 29 10. 

Bandak S, Goren D, Horowitz A, Tzemach D, Gabizon A. Pharmacological studies of cisplatin encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes in mouse tumor models. Anti-Cancer Drugs 1999 10 911-920. 

Comparative Antitumor Activity of Selected 4-Deacetyl vinblastine Amides against Several Murine Tumor Models... 

The P1534(J) leukemia model was employed in the early experimental antitumor studies with the naturally occurring bisindoles. Therefore, this tumor model was chosen for the first antitumor evaluations of the 4-acyl and 4- (a-aminoacyl) derivatives (91). The results of these experiments indicate that increasing the size of the acyl substitutent at C-4 has a... 

Leander P, Golman K, Strande P, Klaveness J, Besjakov J, Fait K (1993) A comparison between lEEC, a new biodegradable particulate contrast medium, and iohexol in a tumor model of computed tomography imaging of the liver. Invest Radiol 28 513... 

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