Ewing s sarcoma

Mangham DC, Williams A, McMullan DJ, et al. Ewing s sarcoma of bone the detection of specific transcripts in a large, consecutive series of formalin-fixed, decalcified, paraffin-embedded tissue samples using the reverse transcriptase -polymerase chain reaction. Histopathology 2006 48 363-376. 

Hu-Lieskovan S, Heidel JD, Bartlett DW, Davis ME, Triche TJ (2005) Sequence-specific knockdown of EWS-FLI1 by targeted, nonviral delivery of small interfering RNA inhibits tumor growth in a murine model of metastatic Ewing s sarcoma. Cancer Res 65 8984—8992... 

Ambros, I. M., Ambron, P. F., and Strehl, S. (1991) M1C2 is a specific marker for Ewing s sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Cancer 67, 1886-1893. 

Stevenson, A. J., Chatten, J., Bertoni, F., and Miettinen, M. (1994) CD99 (P30/32M1C2) neuroectodermal/Ewing s sarcoma antigen as an immunohis-tochemical marker. Review of more than 699 tumors and the literature experience. Appl. Immunohistochem. 2, 231-240. 

In India, Gupta has described a marked increase in the serum IgM levels in 6 patients (ages between 4 and 7 years, and one 20 years old) with Ewing s sarcoma (G9). Host reactions to the tumor or the tumor-producing particulate antigens were thought to be the contributing fac-... 

Suspected malignancies listed in A 1 above and also Ewing s sarcoma... 

G9. Gupta, R. M., Serum Immunoelectrophoresis in patients with Ewing s Sarcoma. Lancet 11, 1136-1137 (1969). 

Arora S, Gonzales IM, Hagelstrom RT et al (2010) RNAi phenotype profiling of kinases identifies potential therapeutic targets in Ewing s sarcoma. Mol Cancer 9 218... 

Raney RB, Asmar L, Newton WA, Bagwell Ch, Bren-eman JC, Crist W et al. Ewing s sarcoma of soft tissues in childhood A report from the Intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study, 1972-1991. J Cfin Oncol 1997 15 574-82. 

Childhood Acute lymphocytic leukemia Burkitt s sarcoma Ewing s sarcoma Retinoblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Wilms tumor... 

The treatment of Hodgkin s disease also illustrates the use of combined modalities, that is, radiation plus chemotherapy. The combined modality approach to several childhood tumors (e.g., Ewing s sarcoma, Wilms tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma) has dramatically increased the cure rates for these diseases. 

Doxorubicin is one of the most effective agents used in the treatment of carcinomas of the breast, ovary, endometrium, bladder, and thyroid and in oat cell cancer of the lung. It is included in several combination regimens for diffuse lymphomas and Hodgkin s disease. Doxorubicin can be used as an alternative to daunorubicin in acute leukemias and is useful in Ewing s sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, soft-tissue sarcomas, and neuroblastoma. Some activity has been reported in non-oat cell lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and adenocarcinomas of the stomach, prostate, and testis. 

Dactinomycin is used in curative combined treatment of Wilms tumor, Ewing s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and gestational choriocarcinoma. It is active in testicular tumors, lymphomas, melanomas, and sarcomas, although its use in most of these malignancies has been supplanted by other agents. 

Wilms tumor, Ewing s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, gestational choriocarcinoma, testicular tumors, lymphomas, melanomas Breast, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, thyroid cancers oat cell cancer of the lung Testicular, ovarian germ cell cancers, small-cell lung cancer, acute myelogenous and lymphoblastic leukemia... 

Unlabeled Uses Adrenocortical, bladder, cervical, endometrial, prostatic, testicular carcinomas Ewing s sarcoma multiple sclerosis non-small cell, small cell lung cancer organ transplant rejection osteosarcoma ovarian germ cell, primary brain, trophoblastic tumors rheumatoid arthritis soft tissue sarcomas systemic dermato-myositis systemic lupus erythematosus Wilms tumor... 

Unlabeled Uses Treatment of Ewing s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma treatment... 

It is indicated in acute leukaemias, lymphomas, Ewing s sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilm s tumour and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 

Vincristine has been effectively combined with prednisone for remission induction in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. It is also active in various hematologicmalignancies such as Hodgkin s and non-Hodgkin s lymphomas, and multiple myeloma, and in several pediatric tumors including rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing s sarcoma, and Wilms tumor. 

Ewing s sarcoma is the second most common malignant bone tumor in children. The majority of patients have microscopic metastases at diagnosis the lung is the most common metastatic site. This sarcoma is a relatively rare disease with limited therapeutic options. The majority of patients are initially responsive to chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cyclophosphamide. However, relapsed disease is usually extremely difficult to treat because of its resistance to chemotherapy (Zhou et al., 2001). 

Zhou, Z., Jia, S.-F, Hung, M.-C., and Kleinerman, E. S. 2001. E1A sensitizes HER2/new-overex-pressing Ewing s sarcoma cells to topoisomerase II-targeting anticancer drugs. Cancer Res. 67 3394-3398. 

Mori, Y., Tsuchiya, H., Tsuchida, T., Asada, N., Nojima, T. and Tomita, K. (1997) Disappearance of Ewing s sarcoma following bacterial infection a case report. Anticancer Res., 17,1391-1397. 

In a mouse model of Ewing s sarcoma, Hu-Lieskovan et al. used these p-CD-containing vehicles to deliver siRNA against the EWS-FLI1 gene expressed... 

Dactinomycin is mainly used to treat pediatric tumors such as Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing s sarcoma, but it has activity also against germ cell tumors and gestational trophoblastic disease. Dactinomycin can also induce a "radiation recall reaction." See Table 55 1 for other toxi cities. 

Melphalan is an antineoplastic drug, listed also as a Class I immunosuppressive agent (effective only when given prior to the immune stimulus) [1]. It is used for the treatment of multiple myeloma, ovarian carcinoma, tumors of the testes, chronic granulocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, seminoma, Ewing s sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, and thymoma [1,2]. Its use as an adjuvant to surgery in the management of primary breast cancer was one of the first illustrations of the therapeutic potential of combined modalities of treatment [3]. 

SF-1 is a serum-free medium ( x 1) supplied by Costar through Northumbria Biologi-cals Ltd. and which can be supplemented with Ewing s Sarcoma Growth Factor (ESG). 

A serum-free medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, ethanolamine and selenium (ITES) allows growth of certain hy-bridomas at 17-74% the rate found with 15% FBS (Wolpe, 1984) and Cleveland et al. (1983) devised a protein-free medium for growth of myeloma cells which, with addition of BSA at 2.5 mg/ml, forms the basis of Costar s SF-1 and SF-X supplemented media. Cloning is still very difficult in serum-free media, but feeder layers can be replaced by culture supernatants from human endothelial cells (HECS Astaldi, 1983) or Ewing s sarcoma cells (ESG Ley et al., 1980) — see 5.8.5. 

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