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Exposure Sites

Racks were made as per standard [12, 13] using mild steel angles and channels with height and width (1.50 x 2.10 m ). The racks were coated with epoxy paint to prevent rusting. Porcelain washers, brass nuts and bolts were used to fix the test panels at 45° with respect to base. Three types of test panels uncoated, coated and scribed coated were fixed in the racks and test racks at three exposure sites are shown in Figs. 2.6a, b and c. [Pg.46]

Environment Sites Category Corrosivity Systems Durability (yrs) [Pg.47]

Polluted inland to normal coastal P2 C3 Medium high ZP Medium ( 5) [Pg.47]

Exposure Site Details Digha (PI) Chennai (P2) Jamshedpur (P3) [Pg.48]


Tin—Nickel. AHoy deposits having 65% fin have been commercially plated siace about 1951 (135). The 65% fin alloy exhibits good resistance to chemical attack, staining, and atmospheric corrosion, especially when plated copper or bron2e undercoats are used. This alloy has a low coefficient of friction. Deposits are solderable, hard (650—710 HV ), act as etch resists, and find use ia pfinted circuit boards, watch parts, and as a substitute for chromium ia some apphcafions. The rose-pink color of 65% fin is attractive. In marine exposure, tin—nickel is about equal to nickel—chromium deposits, but has been found to be superior ia some iadustfial exposure sites. Chromium topcoats iacrease the protection further. Tia-nickel deposits are bfitde and difficult to strip from steel. Temperature of deposits should be kept below 300°C. [Pg.164]

The rusting of bare steel in the atmosphere is controlled by the climatic conditions at the exposure site. The main factors are the availability of moisture, and the extent to which the air is polluted, but other less important ones, such as temperature, must also be considered. (See also Section 2.2.)... [Pg.489]

The exposure site is selected according to the service for which the data are to be applicable. For atmospheric service, such factors as marine and industrial contaminants, sunlight, dew and sand abrasion, must be considered. Atmospheric specimens are normally mounted at 45°, facing south. This has been shown to provide about a 2 1 acceleration of failure compared with a vertical exposure. Whether this or other standardised positions are used, the details of the exposure are an important part of the test record. [Pg.1081]

Becker, S. M. and McCoy, K. L., Gallium arsenide selectively up-regulates inflammatory cytokine expression at exposure site, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Then, 307, 1045, 2003. [Pg.287]

Exposure conditions appear to play the most important role in the induction and elicitation of contact hypersensitivity. These conditions involve factors inherent to the individual, including thickness of the exposed skin and skin condition at the exposure site. External factors including the vehicle, occlusive or non-occlusive conditions, temperature and humidity, and exposure to sunlight may also influence the development of contact allergy. [Pg.548]

Any unusual clinical signs seen during exposure should be noted. The following descriptive parameters can be calculated from the data. Phototoxic irritation Index (PTE) = (number of positive sites x 100/ number of exposure sites)... [Pg.397]

When environmental conditions at an exposure site differ from those used for laboratory calibrations or when calibration data for an analyte are not available, at least one SPMD per site is spiked with PRCs. The type of compounds used for PRCs and their spiking levels were discussed earlier. PRC samples and standard SPMD samples (i.e., field-deployed SPMDs) differ only by the presence of the PRCs. Handling, processing and analysis are also identical. As implied above, the purpose of the PRC sample is to provide data for estimation of in situ sampling rates of target compounds. [Pg.106]

In another 1964 experiment, 10 subjects had two applications of 4 mg of H on their forearms. Each drop was treated with an experimental decontaminant (Decon 10 and M-5 ointment). All exposure sites developed erythema and five vesicated. [Pg.126]

Only one of the eight 1968 dermal-exposure subjects had erythema at the exposure site, which lasted for 7 h. The CN was applied to his skin. Five of the 1968 dermal-exposure subjects had normal results of laboratory analyses—Including urinalysis, complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, alkaline phosphatase, and serum glutamic oxalotransferase—7 d after exposure. [Pg.183]

The effects of CR In the open and closed patch applications were stinging and erythema at the exposure sites, which resolved by 24 h... [Pg.199]

The effects of skin sprays In the wind tunnel Included skin Irritation at the exposure site, sometimes accompanied by erythema lacrlmatIon and conjunctivitis upper respiratory tract Irritation and, rarely, numbness at the exposure site. The effects generally began after the exposure and worsened Initially. Two wind-tunnel subjects said the effects of CR were similar to or worse than those of CS. [Pg.200]

The anatomical and physiological factors that most significantly affect absorption are surface area of the absorption site, thickness of the cellular membranes composing the site of exposure, and blood flow to the exposure site (Table 11.2). A brief discussion of these factors follows. [Pg.292]

There are numerous variables related to the ways in which organisms are exposed to toxic substances. One of the most crucial of these, dose, is discussed in Section 6.5. Another important factor is the toxicant concentration, which may range from the pure substance (100%) down to a very dilute solution of a highly potent poison. Both the duration of exposure per exposure incident and the frequency of exposure are important. The rate of exposure, inversely related to the duration per exposure, and the total time period over which the organism is exposed are both important situational variables. The exposure site and route strongly affect toxicity. Toxic effects are largely the result of metabolic processes on substances that occur after exposure, and much of the remainder of this book deals with these kinds of processes. [Pg.138]

Predicting exposure Site-specific exposure levels... [Pg.138]

What is the spatial distribution of the exposed species with regard to both home ranges (as compared to the exposure sites) as well as the presence of refugia (in the case of a metapopulation structure of the exposed species) ... [Pg.318]

Remove from exposure site to fresh air. Keep at rest. Obtain medical attention. Rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 mins. Contact a doctor if symptoms persist. [Pg.184]

Inhalation Remove from exposure site to fresh air. Keep at rest. Obtain medical attention. [Pg.197]

Exposure site Upper arm Upper arm, same site Upper arm or back naive site for each Upper arm same site Upper arm or back, same site Upper arm or lower back same site... [Pg.374]

Sarcoma Tumors of connective tissues, muscles, fat cells, bones, and related organs Sclerosis A thickening or hardening of a body part, as of an artery, especially from excessive formation of hbrous interstitial tissue Sensitizer A chemical substance that on first exposure causes little or no reaction. However, repeated exposure induces a marked response not necessarily limited to the exposure site. This is usually associated with skin sensitization and exposure to chemical substances SER Smooth endoplasmic reticulum... [Pg.218]


See other pages where Exposure Sites is mentioned: [Pg.478]    [Pg.825]    [Pg.291]    [Pg.299]    [Pg.301]    [Pg.482]    [Pg.281]    [Pg.392]    [Pg.610]    [Pg.611]    [Pg.612]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.57]    [Pg.90]    [Pg.114]    [Pg.140]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.71]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.478]    [Pg.284]    [Pg.297]    [Pg.138]    [Pg.139]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.481]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.878]    [Pg.878]    [Pg.429]   


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