Sensory ganglia

P2X2 Smooth muscle, CNS, retina, chromaffin cells, autonomic and sensory ganglia ATP>ATPyS>2- MeSATP > > a,p-meATP (pH + zinc sensitive) Suramin, isoPPADS, RB2, NF770, NF279 Intrinsic ion channel (particularly Ca2+)... 

Later in life, approximately 15% of the population will develop herpes zoster. Herpes zoster is the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus in the sensory ganglia. Approximately 20% of persons with herpes zoster will develop post-herpetic neuralgia, which is a painful debilitating condition that can persist for months after resolution of the herpes zoster rash. 

X5 NM 175080 Proprioceptive neurons of mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, sensory ganglia... 

X6 NM 005446 Widespread in brain, spinal cord and sensory ganglia, predominantly found in skeletal muscle... 

The specific actions of the individual neurotrophins have been the subject of intense interest (Table 27-2). It is now evident, through analysis of animals in which the individual neurotrophin genes or their receptors have been knocked out, that the family members have unique actions acting exclusively to support some neuronal subpopulations [11]. However, in some neuronal populations, the action of several of the neurotrophins overlap. For example, in the peripheral sensory ganglia, individual neurons are responsive to more than one neurotrophin. 

In the periphery, NT3 uniquely supports proprioceptive neurons in sensory ganglia. These neurons and their peripheral targets, the muscle sensory organs, are lost in NT3 knockout mice. Mice in which the NT3 receptor TrkC has been knocked out do not live long and have abnormal movements as a consequence of their loss of proprioception. 

NT3 plays an earlier role in development than other neurotrophin family members. It sustains progenitor cells of the neural crest, which then give rise to sympathetic and sensory ganglia, as well as a number of other... 

Corti, S., Locatelli, F., Donadoni, C. et al. Neuroectodermal and microglial differentiation of bone marrow cells in the mouse spinal cord and sensory ganglia. /. Neurosci. Res. 70 721-733,2003. 

Cangro CB, Namboodiri MA, Sklar LA, Corigliano-Mutphy A, Neale JH (1987) Immunohis-tochemistry and biosynthesis of N-acetylaspartylglutamate in spinal sensory ganglia. J Neu-rochem 49(5) 1579-1588... 

Helliwell, R.J., McLatchie, L.M., Clarke, M., Winter, J., Bevan, S., McIntyre, P. Capsaicin sensitivity is associated with the expression of the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor (VR1) mRNA in adult rat sensory ganglia, Neurosci. Lett. 1998, 250, 177-180. 

Ramer, M. S., Murphy, P. G., Richardson, P. M., and Bisby, M. A. (1998). Spinal nerve lesion-induced mechanoallodynia and adrenergic sprouting in sensory ganglia are attenuated in interleukin-6 knockout mice. Pain 78, 115-121. 

Lyons, W. E., George, E. B., Dawson, T. M., Steiner, J. P, and Snyder, S. H. (1994). Immunosuppressant FK506 promotes neurite outgrowth in cultures of PC12 cells and sensory ganglia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 3191-3195. 

Figure 4. Peripheral sensory ganglia that supply nerve endings to taste buds in the mammalian oral cavity. Trigeminal ganglion, which supplies free nerve endings to all oral surfaces, not shown.

Although the sensory ganglia and roots are the primary affected area in SN, demyelination and axonal degeneration combined with inflammatory infiltrates consisting of CD8+ cells and macrophages also extend to peripheral nerves [102]. Simultaneous affection of the CNS and autonomic ganglia is common [42]. 

Szallasi, A., Blumherg, P.M. (1992). Vanilloid receptor loss in rat sensory ganglia associated with long term desensitization to resiniferatoxin. Neurosci. Lett. 140 51-4. 

Figure 1. Diagram of the three cranial nerves and associated sensory ganglia that innervate taste buds. As illustrated, electrical recordings were taken from single neurons in the ganglia. Geniculate ganglion in facial nerve petrosal in glossopharyngeal nodose in vagus.

Humans are the only natural host for HSV, and more than 80% of the population carries systemic antibodies to them. However, ocular manifestation afflicts less than 1% of those exposed to the virus.The primary, or initial, HSV infection usually occurs by the age of 5 and often goes unnoticed or is too mild for the parent to seek medical attention for the child. After the primary infection, the virus settles into the central nervous system and localizes in the nerve ganglia. Latency of the virus persists for life in the innervating sensory ganglia. 

Actually, unipolar neurons have two axons rather than an axon and dendrite (Figure 14.3). Mostintemeurons, which form all the neural wiring within the CNS, are of this type. Examples include spinal ganglia, most cranial nerve sensory ganglia, and the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. Dorsal root ganglia cells extend one axon centrally toward the spinal cord, and the other axon toward the skin or muscle. 

Kl. Kalina, M., and Bubis, J. J., Histochemical studies on the distribution of acid phosphatase in neurones of sensory ganglia light and electron microscopy. Histo-chemie 14, 103-112 (1968). 

Acute toxic effects are not expected however, a case report of a husband and wife who were mistakenly administered a single, large, intravenous dose (2gkg ) of pyridoxine shows that it resulted in permanent dorsal root and sensory ganglia deficits. Allergic reactions to the use of pyridoxine have also been reported. 

Watanabe M, Mishina M, Inoue Y (1994d) Distinct gene expression of the A/-methyl-D-aspartate receptor channel subunit in peripheral neurons of the mouse sensory ganglia and adrenal gland. Neurosci Lett 765 183-186. 

Hanani M, Huang TY, Cherkas PS, LeddaM, Pannese E (2002) Glial cell plasticity in sensory ganglia induced by nerve damage. Neuroscience 114 279-283... 

---