Landfill sanitary

Hydrated lime is also used to stabilize the calcium sulfite—sulfate sludge derived from thickeners at SO2 scmbbing plants that use limestone—lime. Hydrated lime (2—3%) is added to react with the gypsum sludge and flyash or other added siHceous material. Under ambient conditions the lime and siHca serve as a binder by reacting as calcium siHcates so that the material hardens into a safe, nonleaching, stable, sanitary landfill or embankment fill. 

A-1 Refuse Service, Crow and Sons Sanitary Landfill and Pit, Estes Service Co., and West Side Sanitary Landfill, Fort Worth, Tex., personal communications. Sept. 3, 1986. 

Sanitary LandHlls Dewatered sludge, either raw or digested, is often buried in a sanitary landfill to minimize the environmental impact. Increased concern over sanitaiy landfills has made it more difficult simply to buiy dewatered sludge. Sanitaiy landfills must be... 

LandtiUing of Solid Wastes Landfilling involves the controlled disposal of solid wastes on or in the upper layer of the earth s mantle. Important aspects in the implementation of sanitary landfills include (1) site selection, (2) landfimng methods and operations, (3) occurrence of gases and leachate in landfills, (4) movement and control of landfill gases and leachate, and (5) landfill design. The landfilling of hazardous wastes is considered separately. 

FIG. 25-72 Typical detail of an isolated gas vent. (From Bagchi, A., Design, Construction, and Monitoring of Sanitary Landfill, Wiley, 1.9.90,)... 

Equipment requirements. The types of equipment that have been used at sanitary landfills include both crawler and rubber-tired trac tors, scrapers, compactors, draghnes, and graders. The size and amount of equipment required will depend primarily on local site... 

If a pollutant is removed from the carrying gas stream, disposal of the collected material becomes of vital concern. If the collected material is truly inert, it may be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. If it is at the other end of the scale, it is probably considered as a toxic waste and strict laws governing its disposal apply. Disposal of hazardous wastes is regulated by governmental agencies. 

List the advantages and disadvantages of a municipal sanitary landfill and a municipal incinerator. 

Mureebe, A.K., D.A. Busch and P.T. Chen. Anaerobic Biological Treatment of Sanitary Landfill Leachate. In Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials, Atlanta, Georgia, 1986. 

Geomembrane These liners chiefly provide impermeable barriers. They can be characterized as (1) solid waste containment hazardous landfill, landfill capping, and sanitary landfill (2) liquid containment canal, chemical/brine pond, earthen dam, fish farm, river/coastal bank, waste-water, and recreation (3) mining, leach pad and tailing ponds and (4) specialties floating reservoir caps, secondary containment, tunnel, erosion, vapor barrier, and water purification. Plastics used include medium to very low density PE, PVC, and chlorosulfonated PE (CSPE). (The Romans used in their land and road constructions what we call geomembrane.)... 

Headspace analysis has also been used to determine trichloroethylene in water samples. High accuracy and excellent precision were reported when GC/ECD was used to analyze headspace gases over water (Dietz and Singley 1979). Direct injection of water into a portable GC suitable for field use employed an ultraviolet detector (Motwani et al. 1986). While detection was comparable to the more common methods (low ppb), recovery was very low. Solid waste leachates from sanitary landfills have been analyzed for trichloroethylene and other volatile organic compounds (Schultz and Kjeldsen 1986). Detection limits for the procedure, which involves extraction with pentane followed by GC/MS analysis, are in the low-ppb and low-ppm ranges for concentrated and unconcentrated samples, respectively. Accuracy and precision data were not reported. 

Harkov R, Gianti SJ, Bozzelli JW, et al. 1985. Monitoring volatile organic compounds at hazardous and sanitary landfills in New Jersey. J Environ Sci Health [A] 20 491-501. 

Schultz B, Kjeldsen P. 1986. Screening of organic matter in leachates from sanitary landfills using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Water Res 20 967-970. 

Attached-Growth Biomass for Sanitary Landfill Leachate Treatment. 581... 

Sanitary landfilling is an acceptable and recommended method for ultimately disposing of solid wastes. This method has sometimes been confused with waste disposal on open and burning dump sites, but this is a misconception. The sanitary landfill is an engineered landfill that requires sound and detailed planning and specification, careful construction, and efficient operation. In essence,... 

The sanitary landfill, the most acceptable alternative to the present poor practices of land disposal, involves the long-term planning and application of sound engineering principles and construction techniques. By definition, no burning of solid waste will ever occur at a sanitary landfill. A sanitary landfill is not only an acceptable and economic method of solid waste disposal, it is also an excellent way to make otherwise unsuitable or marginal land valuable.1... 

A sanitary landfill is defined as a land disposal site that applies an engineered method of disposing of solid wastes on land in a manner that minimizes environmental hazards by spreading the solid wastes to the smallest practical volume, and applying and compacting cover material at the end of... 

Landfills are the physical facilities used for the ultimate disposal of residual solid wastes in the ground. In the past, the term sanitary landfill was used to denote a landfill in which the wastes were placed in the landfill and then covered at the end of daily operation. Today, sanitary landfill refers to an engineered facility for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), designed and operated to minimize public health and environmental impact. 

In engineering terms, a sanitary landfill is also sometimes identified as a bioreactor due to the presence of anaerobic activities in the wastes. As such, landfilling sites need the incoming waste stream top be monitored, as well as placement and compaction of the waste, and installation of landfill environmental monitoring and control facilities. Gas vent and leachate collection pipes are important features of a modem landfill. 

Weiss, S., Sanitary Landfill Technology, Noyes Data Corporation, NJ, 1974. 

Ehrig, H.J., Leachate Quality. In Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R., Eds., Sanitary Landfilling Process, Technology and Environmental Impact, Academic Press, London, 1989, pp. 213-229. 

Loukidou, M.X. and Zouboulis, A.I., Comparison of two biological treatment processes using attached-growth biomass for sanitary landfill leachate treatment, Environ. Pollut., Ill, 273-281, 2000. 

Example 1 Monolithic ET Cover at Lopez Canyon Sanitary Landfill,... 

Regulatory status In 1998, Lopez Canyon Sanitary Landfill received conditional approval for an ET cover, which required a minimum of 2 years of field performance data to validate the model used for the design. An analysis was conducted and provided the basis for final regulatory approval of the ET cover. The cover was fully approved in October 2002 by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board—Los Angeles Region. 

Lopez Canyon Sanitary Landfill, Los Angeles, CA MSW landfill Operational 1999... 

Capillary Barrier ET Covers- Gaffey Street Sanitary Landfill, Wilmington, CA —Full-Scale Projects MSW landfill Installation NA... 

In the United States, electrical and electronic appliances, when old and considered to be wastes, are sent to sanitary landfill sites for dismantling, separation, resource recovery, and disposal. Commercial companies are getting formed for the waste handling, packaging, transportation, resource recovery, and disposition operations, aiming at profit-making.1-3 5-11... 

Sometimes these wastes are nontoxic and can be deposited in a sanitary landfill. This generally costs between 4 and 5 per ton.61 Landfill operations can, however, be expected to increase in price as land becomes scarcer, pollution laws become tougher, and maybe even disposal taxes are levied. 

Table 1 indicates primary pollutant sources and waste modes, and Table 2 indicates the primary and secondary sources and associated pollutants. The primary sources of soil contamination include land disposal of solid waste sludge and waste-water industrial activities and leakages and spills, primarily of petroleum products. The solid waste disposal sites include dumps, landfills, sanitary landfills, and secured landfills. 

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