Handling waste

Waste handling facilities have become an essential function for operation of many process systems. Historically, waste handling facilities are often overlooked and should be included in a fire hazard analysis. If the waste han-dling/treatment system cannot operate, then a plant or unit shutdown may be required. 

If a flammable process spills significant quantities of flammable material, this material may flow to the waste handling area. Waste digestion systems can be shocked into shutdown if large quantities of material are suddenly introduced. Also, a large release may occur and could result in a fire that may damage equipment that cannot be quickly replaced. 

The potential for significant quantities of flammables reaching the waste handling system should be examined in a process hazards analysis. If the poten- 

Transformer Oil Capacity Minimum (Line-of-Sight) Separation Distance 

This chapter discusses the various phases of installation of fire protection systems. Fire protection projects vary from new construction projects to retrofitting an existing system in a facility. Managing a fire protection system project is very much like any other construction or capital improvement project. The 

The handling of plant waste can raise a variety of health and safety concerns. These wastes include not only process materials but also empty containers, the refuse from maintenance activities, and even process equipment that has been removed from the plant. The owner must establish a plan that covers all these wastes. 

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Flexi-bil ity Contin-uous operation Fission-product separation U/Pu separation Ease of waste handling ... 

The volume of hulls generated is nominally 62 m /1 of fuel, which is about 10 times the actual volume of metal. Whereas they are not yet in commercial use, both compaction and melting processes are being developed to improve waste handling economics (41). 

SpiHs should be confined and prevented from entering water sources. Smother with foam and take up residue with an absorbent and put into dmms for disposal. The suggested method of disposal is incineration at an approved waste handling facHity in a system equipped with a combustion gas scmbber system (23). 

Panametrics—www.panametrics.com Sensorex—www.sensorex.com/process.html Water/Waste Handling... 

Routine Process equipment cleaning Materials handling (discharge, conveying, bagging) Waste handling/deposition ... 

Training operatives and supervisors for work with asbestos insulation and coatings Enclosures provided for work with asbestos insulation, coatings and insulating board Removal techniques and associated waste handling for asbestos insulation, coatings and insulating board... 

In recapping, DAF is the process of removing suspended solids, oils and other contaminants via the use of bubble flotation. Air is dissolved into the water, then mixed with the wastestream and released from solution while in intimate contact with the contaminants. Air bubbles form, saturated with air, mix with the wastewater influent and are injected into the DAF separation chamber. The dissolved air then comes out of solution, producing literally millions of microscopic bubbles. These bubbles attach themselves to the particulate matter and float then to the surface where they are mechanically skimmed and removed from the tank. Most systems are versatile enough to remove not only finely divided suspended solids, but fats, oils and grease (FOG). Typical wastes handled include various suspended... 

End of the process I Demolition of system I Reuse of equipment I Waste handling ... 

All the countries that produce nuclear waste have chosen the same alternative for the ultimate disposition of HLW, deep geological isolation, and they did so indepeiideiitly of one another. The United States has the most radioactive nuclear waste and the most complicated array of waste types of any nuclear country. Only in the United States can one find the same economy of scale for waste handling. Thus, it leads the world in most activities aimed at safe isolation. Ill France, Japan, and Great Britain, however, reprocessing is routinely practiced. Those countries reprocess HLW for many other countries. As mentioned above, reprocessing is not currently allowed in the United States. 

Waste Handling for Unirradiated Plutonium Processing. Higher capacity, better-performing, and more radiation-resistant separation materials such as new ion exchange resins(21) and solvent extractants, similar to dihexyl-N,N-di ethyl carbamoyl methylphosphonate,(22) are needed to selectively recover actinides from acidic wastes. The application of membranes and other new techniques should be explored. 

Similarly, increasing restrictions on discharge and deep welling could significantly reduce their potential for cost-effective waste handling. 

EH52 Removal techniques and associated waste handling for asbestos insulation,... 

Waste handling recovery and disposal — all aspects of waste management and compliance need to be identified to ensure safe handling, appropriate treatment, and reuse where possible. Unless waste is minimal and of a benign nature an improvement plan is likely to be needed. 

Extrinsic wastes are more functional in nature and are not necessarily inherent to a specific process configuration. These may occur as a result of unit upsets, selection of auxiliary equipment, fugitive leaks, process shutdown, sample collection and handling, solvent selection, or waste handling practices. Extrinsic wastes can be, and often are, reduced readily through administrative controls, additional maintenance or improved maintenance procedures, simple recycling, minor... 

If the program continues and additional reductions are desired, more expensive and more complex projects begin to emerge (Phase II). These are often associated with equipment modifications, process modifications and process control and may include the addition or adaptation of auxiliary equipment for simple source treatment, possibly for recycle. This phase usually has little immediate ROI, and more inclusive approaches to assessing the economics of the operation (estimating costs for waste handling, long-term liability, risk) are needed to justify the continued pollution-prevention operation. 

Do all waste-handling procedures comply with existing legislation Provide confirmation of compliance. Identify the risk category. 

The Pollution Prevention Act of 199027 requires facilities to report information about the management of Toxic Relief Inventory (TRI) chemicals in waste and efforts made to eliminate or reduce those quantities. The data summarized in Table 3.38 cover a four-year period and is meant to provide a basic understanding of the quantities of waste handled by the industry, the methods typically used to manage this waste, and recent trends in these methods.1 TRI waste management data can be used to assess trends in source reduction within individual industries and facilities, and for specific TRI chemicals. This information could then be used as a tool in identifying opportunities for pollution prevention compliance assistance activities. 

In the United States, electrical and electronic appliances, when old and considered to be wastes, are sent to sanitary landfill sites for dismantling, separation, resource recovery, and disposal. Commercial companies are getting formed for the waste handling, packaging, transportation, resource recovery, and disposition operations, aiming at profit-making.1-3 5-11... 

Reactant concentrations can be kept very low, as only a nanomole/cm2 of material is deposited in a given step. Use of low concentrations conserves reactant, simplifies waste handling, and minimizes the concentrations of reactant contaminants. In studies of InSb deposition, 0.02 mM solutions of Sb precursor have been successfully used. 

Chevron WWT [Waste water treatment] An integrated process for treating sour water from oil refineries, particularly for removing ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. Only physical processes are used—volatilization and condensation under various conditions. Developed by Chevron Research Company and used in 14 plants worldwide in 1985. Martinez, D., in Chemical Waste Handling and Treatment, Muller, K. R., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986, 180. 

Martinez, D., in Chemical Waste Handling and Treatment, Muller, K. R., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986,133. 

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