Hazardous waste containment

Noncontainerized hazardous wastes containing free liquids, whether or not adsorbents have been added. 

Develop a logging system for hazardous wastes containing tbe date, waste description, source, volume shipped or hauled, name of hauler, and destination. Follow through to he sure that wastes reach destination. 

Acutely hazardous wastes are the second most common type of listed waste. U. S. EPA designates a waste as acutely hazardous if it contains the appendix constituents that scientific studies have shown to be fatal to humans or animals in low doses. In a few cases, acutely hazardous wastes contain no appendix constituents, but are extremely dangerous for another reason. An example is a listed waste that designates unused discarded formulations of nitroglycerine as acutely hazardous. Although nitroglycerine is not an appendix hazardous constituent, wastes containing unused... 

A major difference between organic and inorganic hazardous wastes is that, with the exception of cyanide, inorganics cannot be destroyed by being broken down into nonhazardous component parts, because at least one element in the compound is toxic. Inorganic hazardous wastes containing toxic elements can be transformed from a more to a less toxic form, but can never be transformed to a nontoxic form. 

C. Park, "Hydration and solidification of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals using modified cementitious materials," Cement and Concrete Research, 30, 429, 2000. 

Ceramicrete is an ex situ stabilization technology that uses chemically bonded phosphate ceramics to stabilize low-level radioactive waste and hazardous waste containing radionuclides and heavy metals. The technology mixes phosphates with acidic solution, causing an exothermic reaction similar to that used in forming concrete. But while concrete is based on relatively weak hydrogen and van der Waals bonding, Ceramicrete uses a combination of ionic, covalenf and van der Waals bonds to stabilize contaminants. 

A nonexplosive form of hydrazine is used as the limiting reagent. Hydrazine is completely consumed after the addition of trifluoroacetate. In this manner, no hazardous waste containing hydrazine is generated. 

Metal reclamation of sediments uses many of the same approaches as for soils, except that sediment access is often more difficult. Once removed from the bottom of a lake or river, sediments can be treated and replaced, or landfilled in a hazardous waste containment site. The actual removal of sediments involves dredging. This can pose serious problems since dredging includes the excavation of sediments from benthic anaerobic conditions to more atmospheric oxidizing conditions. This can result in increased solubilization of metals, along with increased bioavailability (see Section 10.3) and potential toxicity, and increased risk of contaminant spreading (Moore, Ficklin Johns, 1988 Jorgensen, 1989 Moore, 1994). There are ongoing discussions as to whether it is more detrimental to remove sediments, whether for treatment or removal, or simply to leave them in place. 

Hazardous waste must be packaged in accordance with DHS and Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements prior to shipment to a treatment, storage and/or disposal facility. Marking and labeling must also be in accordance with DOT guidelines. A hazardous waste label must be affixed to all hazardous waste containers. 

Requires incineration or equivalent treatment of hazardous wastes containing volatile organic compounds in concentrations exceeding standards to be determined by DHS. Existing law becomes effective in 1990. 

CFR Section 264.314(b) Prohibits land disposal of bulk or non-containerized liquid hazardous waste or hazardous waste containing free liquids. 

Watanabe, T. Asai, K. Houki, A. In Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology Hazardous Waste Containment and Treatment Cheremisinoff, P. N., Ed. Gulf Publishing Tokyo, Japan, 1990 Vol. 4, pp 252-281. 

Cheremisinoff, PC., Ed., Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology, Vol. 4 Hazardous Waste Containment and Treatment, Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 1990a. 

Hazardous wastes containing listed toxic substances and wastes that are reactive, ignitable, corrosive, or toxic are covered under RCRA. 

Interference from Reactor Corrosion. Pilot SCWO treatment systems constructed for disposal of both civilian and military wastes perform extremely well in destroying hydrocarbons. However, most hazardous wastes contain additional components that pose direct or indirect barriers to the... 

Probably the best procedure for disposing of leftover reagents is to mix all of them together stir well, and allow the reagents to fully react. Transfer any remaining liquids to a hazardous waste container and dispose of properly. When the solid nylon is dry and has no odoi it can be disposed of in the trash. 

Cleaning Up Empty the chromatography column onto a piece of aluminum foil in the hood. After the solvent has evaporated place alumina and sand in the nonhazardous waste container. Evaporate the crystallization mother liquors to dryness and place the residue in the hazardous waste container. 

Cleaning Up All samples containing shift reagents go into a hazardous waste container for heavy metals. 

Cleaning Up Pour the sulfuric acid layer into water, combining it with the bicarbonate layer, neutralize it with sodium carbonate, and flush the solution down the drain with much water. The saturated sodium chloride layer can also be flushed down the drain. If the sodium sulfate is free of ether and methyl benzoate, it can be placed in the nonhazardous solid waste container otherwise it must go into the hazardous waste container. Ether goes into the organic solvents container, along with the pot residues from the final distillation. 

Cleaning Up The filtrate from the preparation of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone should have very little 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in it, so after dilution with water and neutralization with sodium carbonate it can be flushed down the drain. Similarly the mother liquor from crystallization of the phenylhydrazone should have very little product in it and so should be diluted and flushed down the drain. If solid material is detected, it should be collected by suction filtration, the filtrate flushed down the drain, and the filter paper placed in the solid hazardous waste container since hydrazines are toxic. 

Cleaning Up Transfer the mixture of zinc and zinc bromide to the hazardous waste container. 

Cleaning Up The filtrate and washings fi om this reaction are dark, oily, and smell bad. The mixture contains dimethylformamide and could contain traces of all starting materials. Keep the volume as small as possible and place it in the hazardous waste container for organophosphorus compounds. If methylcyclohexane was used for recrystallization, place the mother liquor in the organic solvents container. 

Cleaning Up Since the filtrate and washings from the reaction contain Triton B, they should be placed in the hazardous waste container. Crystallization solvent should be diluted with water and flushed down the drain. 

Cleaning Up Add 3 M sulfuric acid until the pH is 1. Complete the reduction of any remaining chromic ion by adding solid sodium thiosulfate until the solution becomes cloudy and blue colored. Neutralize with sodium carbonate and filter the flocculent precipitate of Cr(OH)3 through Celite in a Buchner funnel. The filtrate can be diluted with water and flushed down the drain, while the precipitate and Celite should be placed in the heavy metals hazardous waste container. 

Cleaning Up The residues from the distillation of 1,2-phenylenediamine and the solvent from the reaction should all be placed in the aromatic amines hazardous waste container since the diamine may be a carcinogen. 

Cleaning Up The catalyst removed by filtration may be pyrophoric (spontaneously flammable in air). Immediately remove it from the Hirsch funnel, wet it with water, and place it either in the hazardous waste container or in the catalyst recovery container. It should be kept wet with water at all times. The combined aqueous filtrates, after neutralization, are diluted with water and flushed down the drain. After the ether is allowed to evaporate from the sodium sulfate in the hood, it can be placed in the nonhazardous solid waste container. 

Cleaning Up Place the contents of the nmr tube in the europium shift reagent hazardous waste container. 

Cleaning Up The filtrate from the reaction, although highly colored, contains little dye, but is very soluble in water. It can be diluted with a large quantity of water and flushed down the drain or, with the volume kept as small as possible, it can be placed in the aromatic amines hazardous waste container or it can be reduced with tin(II) chloride (see Experiment 4). The crystallization filtrate should go into the organic solvents container. 

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