Safety inputs

Regarding the binary inputs, SEC RED should be able to distinguish between redimdant inputs (which are usually identical between the two equipment), fiom non-redimdant inputs (typically the active/passive input or state of the dynanuc controller as seen above). 

No specific processing is performed on non-redimdant input. In contrast, for redundant input, values acquired by the two units are exchanged via the inter unit link, and if the exchange succeeds are simply put in OR, so that on the one hand it can overcome a failure or low asynchrony in the acquisition of inputs by a unit and on the other, it can ensure that the two units are fed with the same inputs (nevertheless not guaranteed as far as safety is concerned). 

Regarding the safety message, they are simply compared in order to determine the union of all messages received in this cycle by both units, and to provide to the two units the messages they might have missed. 

Of course, whether for binary inputs or messages, the process of comparison and completion of information can always fail (e.g. in case of a transfer error on the inter unit link). In this case, the unit uses its own input, which may cause discrepancies between the computation performed by the safety applications of the two luiits, which may in turn lead to an inconsistency in the units contexts, or differences in the apphed outputs. 

In this case, the integrated redimdancy protocol does not guarantee the absence of such discrepancies, but rather controls their safety with respect to the rest of the system. This is done by processing the emitted outputs, or eventually, if the discrepancy is sustained, by sending a passivation causing a return into the isolated mode. These points are detailed below in sections 11.4.8 and 11.4.9. 

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Research on relationship between coal mine safety input and safety performance based on system dynamics... 

ABSTRACT At present, researches on the relationship between coal mine safety input and safety performance focus on the static description. Results of the assessment on these studies lack in follow-up and dynamic management. In this paper, based on the analysis of factors that have impacts on coal mine safety performance in the process of coal production, one model about the relationship between coal mine safety input and safety performance is established using a system dynamics approach. In the process of computer simulation, coal mine safety performance is dynamically forecast by changing the initial safety level value and safety input increase rate of factors which affect system safety performance. The results show that the safety level of coal mine enterprises in the early period influences the coal mine expectant safety performance. The safety level of human factors and management factors in the coal mine enterprises is a positive correlation of coal mine safety performance. These provide a theoretical basis for management decision-making. 

Based on the analysis of coal mine safety production system, this paper will establish the system dynamic model of covering coal mine safety production factors, safety input and safety performance by using the system dynamics principle. The software (Vensim PLE v5. 6a) will be used to dynamically evaluate and quantitatively predict system safety performance. 

THE SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING OE COAL MINE SAFETY INPUT AND SAEETY PERFORMANCE... 

System dynamics steps to solve the problem (Wu J.Z. et al. 1985) is (1) to identify the problem how the coal mine safety input influence factors of coal mine production, which in turn affect coal mine safety performance (2) to determine the system boundary safety production system in coal mine (3) to determine causal graph and define the variable draw causal graph of coal mine safety production system and define the model variable (4) to establish equations, models and analyze the simulation model. 

Safety level of coal mine production factors is affected by safety input which includes staff, funding, technology equipment, etc.. The more investment in safety, the higher level of safety factor and the safety performance make better. When safety performance is close to the expected, the safety investment is reduction. The causality diagram is shown in Fig. 2. 

The given initial of safety level refers to safety input and accident losses during 10 years in a certain coal enterprise (Tang X.J. et al. 2007). There into, the investment ratio of enterprise in technology (operation), industrial hygiene... 

When t = 0, the safety input level of each factor is zero. 

The safety input increasing rate of each factor is 0.4, then adjust to 0.7 after each simulation. 

From the Fig. 4, it s shown that the time to achieve expected safety performance is affected by safety initial level of each factor. The higher the initial safety level is, the less time is used to an expected safety performance after increasing safety input of each factor. 

In systems engineering perspective, this paper constructs a system dynamics model of safety input and safety performance in coal mine production. It s dynamically simulated the impact of... 

Qian YK. et al. 2004. Relation between Safety Input and Economic Benefits and as an Example of Coal Mines in China s Town. The Journal of Quantitative Technical Economics (8) 40-45. 

Tong L. Ding R.J. 2008. Efficiency assessment of coal mine safety input by data envelopment analysis. The Journal of China University of Mining Technology (18) 0088-0092. 

Pay special attention to construct research team, and concentrate the preponderant scientific manpower on tackling safety issues or to improve the safety technology and equipment performance by referencing the experience of international coal mine advanced science and technology. The nation should take active measures to encourage coal mine enterprises to adopt advanced technology and methods, take particular emphasis on basic research of mine gas disaster prevention to control vital coal mine disasters effectively. Increase safety input, ensure special fund for special use and improve the level of technical equipment to enhance the coal mine safety production level. 

Wang Shu-ming, et al. 2009. Safety Input Dedsion2 making Based on Theory of Rheology-mutation , China Safety Science Journal, 19 46-51. 

Yu Mingjie 2008. Research on Safety Input Incentive Mechanism Based on the Principal-agent Theory of Coal Mine. Xi an Xi an University of Science and Technology Press (in Chinese). 

Safety input, is an enterprise operating in the production process in order to ensure production safety and improve the working environment and the prevention of occupational hazards and consumption of manpower, material and financial... 

Safety auditors should collect the following financial information relating to safety input (1) If there is safety assets (2) Safety spending does take place (3) Safety assets are owned by the audited entity (4) Structural condition of safe assets (5) Safety assets records are complete (6) The safety asset valuation is appropriate (7) Ending balance of safe assets is correct (8) Disclosure of safety assets in the accounting statements is appropriate ... 

Safety auditors should collect the following non-financial information relating to safety input (1) Enterprise safety culture and safety management activities (2) The safety awareness of employees. 

From the view of the managers, unsafe behavior of accidents will increase enterprise s safety management of pressure and affect the normal operation of the enterprise, further influence enterprise overall efficiency. At the same time, under pressure in the business, some managers will have to take the measures put into lower safety, but if the safety input is reduced, it will affect the equipment of intrinsically safe and safety training, this will cause unsafe behavior and the unsafe condition of the increase. It will lead to the increase of the accidents and form the vicious circle. 

We analysis the concept of the common safety cognitive purpose that is to through the HSE idea infusion, safety culture atmosphere build, formation and strengthen the correct cognition model, standard work behavior, find and eliminate unsafe behavior and unsafe condition. At the same time, it makes enterprise employees and managers know to eliminate unsafe behavior and unsafe condition. It not only need to the employees own safety consciousness and homework habit of ascension,but also need to enterprise managers in the construction of safety culture, safety input, etc to ascend, and take effective measures and means of management, to reduce the man-made accidents. It will promote the enterprise the safety operation level from the whole. 

During the mid-1980s the US. Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) and the Naval Facilities Command (NAVFAC), with input from the other services, initiated efforts to develop facility system safety programs that would provide safety input early in the life cycle of major military construction projects. 

For these schemes, the best approach seems to be to set up early meetings between designers and Road Safety Auditors to discuss the elements of the scheme that may be contentious. There will often be compromises that can be made, for example in the choice of materials used. The use of Interim Road Safety Audits would be sensible in these circumstances, so that a design does not progress too far without a road safety input. 

Other facets of his job include providing the safety input in skills, supervisory and management training and overseeing fire prevention. 

The typical architecture of a safety input module is shown in Fig. VIII/2.4.2 1. Here, each input is checked in two separate systems each having its own microprocessor and memory unit and driving an analog-to-digital converter, etc. Inputs are selected after they are voted and sent to the communication media (say) back plane. Diagnostic features are important. 

The central register should be displayed on the internal network or circulated in hard copy on a weekly basis. Many organizations publish the report in the monthly newsletter. It is important that the information be publicized because this is the key to the success of the system. Employees can see their safety inputs in print and feel they are empowered in the safety process. 

The aim of a good test safety program is to integrate the system safety process into the test process. The test environment can be thought of in three layers test facility, test bed, and test article. A safety analysis, or some sort of safety input, is typically needed at each level. 

The safety requirements specification is followed by SIL assignments in the safety lifecycle. In order to fulfill a complete SRS, the required safety input information should be accessible. A typical set of input information includes process conditions, existing hazards, required SISs, required SIFs,... 

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