Cognitive models

Conclusions Regarding Application of the Cognitive Modeling Perspective to Errors in the CPI... 

The previous sections have presented an extensive description of some of the central concepts from the cognitive modeling perspective. These topics have been dealt with in some depth because they provide a comprehensive basis for the reduction of human error in the CPI. 

Several examples have already been provided of the use of cognitive models of error to evaluate the possible causes of accidents that have already occurred. This form of retrospective analysis performs a vital role in providing information on the recurring underlying causes of accidents in which human error is implicated. The advantage of an analytical framework driven by a model of human error is that it specifies the nature of the questions that need... 

In order to analyze complex decision making tasks, HTA must be used in combination with various cognitive models of performance. Also HTA presents some limitations in describing tasks with a significant diagnostic component. 

Chi, M. T. H. (1992). Conceptual change within and across ontological categories Examples from learning and discovery in science. In R. N. Giere (Ed.), Cognitive models in science (pp. 129-186). Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press. 

Alzheimer s disease Various cognition models Improves cognitive performance in most, but not all models [3] [65] [11]... 

Adult subject studies can be divided into two broad categories response to basic sensory stimulation and response to more complex cognitive tasks. Recently, there have also been reports applying the NIR spectroscopy to brain computer interface research [18] and studyinh the correlation of hemodynamic response to computational cognitive models [94]. 

Garud, R. Rappa, M. 1994. A socio-cognitive model of technology evolution. Organization Science, 5 344—362. 

It is clear that one can only achieve high correlations between objective measurements and subjective listening results when the experimental context is known and can be taken into account correctly by the perceptual or cognitive model. 

Harvey AG (2002) A cognitive model of insomnia. Behav Res Ther 40 869-893... 

Oliver, R.L. (1980, November) A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research 17,460-469. 

To exchange experiences on the use of cognitive models for accident and near miss reporting ... 

Hemsley DR. 1993. A simple (or simplistic ) cognitive model for schizophrenia. Behav Res Ther 31 633-645. 

Tiffany ST (1990) A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior role of automatic and nonautomatic... 

HA has been found to be an effective cognition enhancer in a broad range of animal cognitive models by Tang et and in clinical trials (see Section 4.4.3). ... 

The cognitive model, in which certain life experiences contribute to the development of pervasive cognitive schemas or cognitive distortions—negative mental sets and expectations that automatically influence ongoing perceptions, conclusions, and predictions about the future (Beck, Ellis)... 

Hamad Wouldn t you say that the gold standard of cognitive models for cognitive capacity is cognitive capacity itself ... 

Levine DS. Introduction to neural and cognitive modeling. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum, 1991. 

There are many ways in which one might unite the different processing perspectives, and a few researchers are beginning to adopt the joint approach (e.g., Schneider Oliver, 1991 Hendler, 1991 S. P. Marshall J. P. Marshall, 1991). I expect many new and important developments to emerge as this approach becomes more central to cognitive modeling. I will return to this topic in a later chapter, at which point I will describe a hybrid model of schemas containing both connectionist and symbolic elements. 

The second limitation also pertains to most schema research. Experts may not share a common set of schemas. To be sure, we would expect some consistent threads among their different configurations. But, for instruction and for cognitive models, it is necessary to identify a single set of schemas upon which to build. The problem is how to select an appropriate one given several alternatives. Which expert s perspective do we embrace ... 

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