Polypropylene resins copolymer

The principal kinds of thermoplastic resins include (1) acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins (2) acetals (3) acrylics (4) cellulosics (5) chlorinated polyelliers (6) fluorocarbons, sucli as polytelra-fluorclliy lene (TFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) (7) nylons (polyamides) (8) polycarbonates (9) poly elliylenes (including copolymers) (10) polypropylene (including copolymers) ( ll) polystyrenes and (12) vinyls (polyvinyl chloride). The principal kinds of thermosetting resins include (1) alkyds (2) allylics (3) die aminos (melamine and urea) (4) epoxies (5) phenolics (6) polyesters (7) silicones and (8) urethanes,... 

Acetal Resin Amorphous Nylon Impact Polystyrene Nylon 11 Nylon 12 Nylon 6 Nylon 610 Nylon 66 Polyester PBT Polypropylene SAN Copolymer... 

To make impact copolymers, the polypropylene resin formed in the first reactor (1) is transferred into the second reactor (5). Gaseous propylene and ethylene, with no additional catalyst, are fed into the second reactor to produce the polymeric rubber phase within the existing polypropylene particles. The second reactor operates in the same manner as the initial reactor, but at approximately half the pressure, with a centrifugal compressor (6) circulating gas through a heat exchanger (7) and back to the fluid-bed reactor. Polypropylene product is removed by product discharge tanks (8) and unreacted gas is returned to the reactor. 

Ethylenebis (tetrabromophthalimide) Ethylene diamine phosphate Pentabromotoluene Sodium antimonate Tetradecabromodiphenoxybenzene flame retardant, PET Pentabromobenzyl acrylate Polypropylene/dibromostyrene copolymer Tetradecabromodiphenoxybenzene Tetrakis (2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate flame retardant, phenolic resins 1,4-Diisobutyl-1,4-diphosphoryl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxycyclohexane flame retardant, phenolics Tris (2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate flame retardant, pigment carriers Triaryl phosphate... 

There are three types of commercial polypropylene resins iso tactic polypropylene, random copolymer and impact copolymer. Both copolymer types use ethylene as comonomer, but otherwise differ significantly. 

Improvements of some of the end-use properties are generally obtained with the simultaneous worsening of other end-use properties. For instance, rubber particles (ethylene/propylene copolymers) are usually introduced into homopropylene matrixes in order to increase the impact resistance of polypropylene resins. However, this normally causes the decrease of the flexural modulus of the polymer blend, which is often undesirable [ 1 ]. Therefore, optimum operation conditions can only be defined in terms of a tradeoff among the many end-use properties that are required for a specific final apphcation. 

In this later study, excellent separation was achieved probably due to the fact that their column separation technique included the crystallization of the polypropylene resins onto the sand column packing by slow cooling. Since the copolymers were made using -- enriched monomer, C-NMR analysis on... 

Generally, the TPOs are produced by extruder compounding processes in which the polypropylene resin is blended with an ethylene copolymer mbber (EPR or other polyolefin elastomers or POEs), along with a desired level of reinforcing fillers. The components are blended together at 210-270 °C imder high shear using a twin-screw extmder or a continuous mixer. 

Test specimen preparation. Although often overlooked, one of the most critical parameters in testing plastics is how the test specimen is prepared. The recommended specimen preparation conditions for some common polymer families, according to ISO material standards, are summarized in Table 11.20 and corresponding ASTM guidelines are listed in Table 11.21. A quick comparison of the two tables reveals slight differences, in some cases, in melt temperature recommendations between the two approaches. More often, the recommended mold temperatures are somewhat different between the two approaches, notably in the case of polypropylene, acetal copolymer, and ABS resin. 

A hot melt adhesive composition made from polypropylene copolymer or polypropylene impact copolymer, a polyolefin elastomer, a low density polyethylene, a tackilying resin, a plasticizer, and a nucleating agent The 0.2 to 1 wt% of nucleating agent is... 

Heterophasic copolymer resins (so called because their morphology typically shows two or more phases) have lower stiffness and improved toughness at low temperature, down to -40°C (depending on the dispersed phase type and amount). These resins often demonstrate more complex thermal behavior (e.g., two or more melting points and reduced stiffness at elevated temperature). You can find examples of typical grades of polypropylene resins in Table 1.7. Chapter 2 describes propylene structure-property relationships that suit a variety of end-use applications. 

Water Insoluble Polymers. There are a number of polymeric substances reported to have functionality as defoamers. These include fatty acid modified alkyloid resins, copolymers of vinyl acetate and long-chain maleic and fumaric acid diesters, as well as polypropylene and butylene oxide polymers and addition products [19-21],... 

Significant progress in this area has been made. It has been shown recently that the polarity of the casting substrate may provide an avenue for surface wetting without surface treatment. The casting of silicone-based formulations from polar mold materials results in a surface rich character. For example, a copolymer based on a fiuorinated silicone and the hydrophilic monomer, DMA was cast against the hydrophilic mold resin Barex (copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the surface showed a threefold increase in surface nitrogen concentration as compared with the same formulation cast from a hydrophobic polypropylene resin. The Barex cast material resulted in... 

So far, Crystaf has been mostly limited to the analysis of LLDPE and some polypropylene resins. Certainly, there are many other semicrystalHne copolymers that could greatly benefit from the information on CCD provided by Crystaf. In fact, the direct extension of Crystaf analysis for these polymers might be expected in a short time, considering the easy and fully automated use of Crystaf. 

The battery container material has shifted to ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) and PP (polypropylene) resin from the wood or ebonite, to attain smaller and lighter battery design [1]. 

Polyethylene, high-density Polypropylene/polyethylene copolymer Embedding Compounds Basic epoxy resin bisphenol-A/epichlorohydrin polycondensate Cycloaliphatic epoxy alicyclic diepoxy carboxylate Polyetherketone Polyurethanes... 

Ethylene-propylene resins, random heterophasic polypropylene (PP) copolymer 0.890 Coextruded form/fill/seal film, hot fill, heavy duty sacks, medical and personal care films, blends with other PP or PE grades Soft poly(vinyl chloride), nonpolymer packaging, LDPE, LLDPE... 

Aminated olefin pol mers Ethylene/a-olefin copol mer composition, graft modified, ethylene/a-olefin copolymer composition, ethylene copol mer composition, and multi-stage olefin polymerization process Polypropylene resin expanded particles... 

The present PE and polypropylene prices still do not allow for acceptable margins under the current market conditions. Based on this situation, Dow Plastics announced a price increase in Europe of 100 per metric tonne above January 2003 pricing levels for all polypropylene resins. Inspire performance polymers, LDPE resins and HDPE resins, Dowlex LLDPE resins, Attane ULDPE copolymers. Elite enhanced PE resins, and Aspun fibre grade resins. 

The list of flexible polymeric roll materials suitable for atmospheric plasma processing is expansive. Mainstream resin types include polypropylene (homopolymers, heterophasic copolymers, and random copolymers), polyethylene (low, medium, and high density polyethylene resins), a family of specialty polyolefins which includes polybutene-1, advanced polypropylene resins from in-reactor alloying processes and polypropylene compounds, and fiuoropolymers. By process type, these materials (in mono- or multiple layers) can be generally represented by the following ... 

Just recently a new polyolefin wax family had been developed by using metallocene catalyst technology. The family of waxes includes polyethylenes and specialty grades of polypropylenes and copolymers. These low viscosity and low softening point resins have already been successfully used as dispersing aids in the production of master-batches, in adhesives and sealants as well as in fibre glass coatings for composites [2],... 

This type of adhesive is generally useful in the temperature range where the material is either leathery or mbbery, ie, between the glass-transition temperature and the melt temperature. Hot-melt adhesives are based on thermoplastic polymers that may be compounded or uncompounded ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymers, paraffin waxes, polypropylene, phenoxy resins, styrene—butadiene copolymers, ethylene—ethyl acrylate copolymers, and low, and low density polypropylene are used in the compounded state polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes are used in the mosdy uncompounded state. 

Some cast (unoriented) polypropylene film is produced. Its clarity and heat sealabiUty make it ideal for textile packaging and overwrap. The use of copolymers with ethylene improves low temperature impact, which is the primary problem with unoriented PP film. Orientation improves the clarity and stiffness of polypropylene film, and dramatically increases low temperature impact strength. BOPP film, however, is not readily heat-sealed and so is coextmded or coated with resins with lower melting points than the polypropylene shrinkage temperature. These layers may also provide improved barrier properties. 

Other Uses. Large quantities of hydrocarbon resins are used in mastics, caulks, and sealants (qv). Polymers for these adhesive products include neoprene, butyl mbber, polyisoprene, NR, SBR, polyisobutylene, acryHcs, polyesters, polyamides, amorphous polypropylene, and block copolymers. These adhesives may be solvent or water-borne and usually contain inorganic fillers. 

Alkenylsuccinic anhydrides made from several linear alpha olefins are used in paper sizing, detergents, and other uses. Sulfosuccinic acid esters serve as surface active agents. Alkyd resins (qv) are used as surface coatings. Chlorendric anhydride [115-27-5] is used as a flame resistant component (see Flame retardants). Tetrahydrophthalic acid [88-98-2] and hexahydrophthalic anhydride [85-42-7] have specialty resin appHcations. Gas barrier films made by grafting maleic anhydride to polypropylene [25085-53-4] film are used in food packaging (qv). Poly(maleic anhydride) [24937-72-2] is used as a scale preventer and corrosion inhibitor (see Corrosion and corrosion control). Maleic anhydride forms copolymers with ethylene glycol methyl vinyl ethers which are partially esterified for biomedical and pharmaceutical uses (189) (see Pharmaceuticals). 

Extension of the chlorosulfonation technology to base resins other than polyethylene, where value can be added, seems a logical next step. Polypropylene and ethylene copolymers containing additional functionaUty, ie, maleic anhydride graft, vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, etc, have been chlorinated and chlorosulfonated to broaden the appHcation base, particularly in coatings and adhesives (9,10). 

Since the last edition several new materials have been aimounced. Many of these are based on metallocene catalyst technology. Besides the more obvious materials such as metallocene-catalysed polyethylene and polypropylene these also include syndiotactic polystyrenes, ethylene-styrene copolymers and cycloolefin polymers. Developments also continue with condensation polymers with several new polyester-type materials of interest for bottle-blowing and/or degradable plastics. New phenolic-type resins have also been announced. As with previous editions I have tried to explain the properties of these new materials in terms of their structure and morphology involving the principles laid down in the earlier chapters. 

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