Polypropylene resins impact copolymer

Used as an antioxidant and thermostabilizer for polypropylene, polyethylene, impact resistant polystyrene, poly-4-methyl-pentene. Can be used as a stabilizer for natural and synthetic rubber, polyvinyl chloride. A copolymer of acrylonitrile with butadiene and styrene, polyacetals, alkyde resins, polyamides and polyesters. 

To make impact copolymers, the polypropylene resin formed in the first reactor (1) is transferred into the second reactor (5). Gaseous propylene and ethylene, with no additional catalyst, are fed into the second reactor to produce the polymeric rubber phase within the existing polypropylene particles. The second reactor operates in the same manner as the initial reactor, but at approximately half the pressure, with a centrifugal compressor (6) circulating gas through a heat exchanger (7) and back to the fluid-bed reactor. Polypropylene product is removed by product discharge tanks (8) and unreacted gas is returned to the reactor. 

There are three types of commercial polypropylene resins iso tactic polypropylene, random copolymer and impact copolymer. Both copolymer types use ethylene as comonomer, but otherwise differ significantly. 

Improvements of some of the end-use properties are generally obtained with the simultaneous worsening of other end-use properties. For instance, rubber particles (ethylene/propylene copolymers) are usually introduced into homopropylene matrixes in order to increase the impact resistance of polypropylene resins. However, this normally causes the decrease of the flexural modulus of the polymer blend, which is often undesirable [ 1 ]. Therefore, optimum operation conditions can only be defined in terms of a tradeoff among the many end-use properties that are required for a specific final apphcation. 

A hot melt adhesive composition made from polypropylene copolymer or polypropylene impact copolymer, a polyolefin elastomer, a low density polyethylene, a tackilying resin, a plasticizer, and a nucleating agent The 0.2 to 1 wt% of nucleating agent is... 

Polypropylene is widely used in both small and large appliances. In small appliances, like electric drip coffee makers, can openers, blenders, and mixers, and in tools, like electric drills, PPs ease of molding, light weight, stiffness, durability, electrical properties, appearance, and cost make it a very attfactive resin choice. Homopolymers and impact copolymers are both used, with an MFR of around 12 g/10 min being the norm. 

Four types of PP resins are available commercially homopolymer, random copolymer, impact copolymer, and reactor TPO. Homopolymer polypropylene (HPP) is the most difficult to impact enhance. All other types of PP are easier to modify because they contain varied amounts of ethylene linkages or ethylene-propylene bipolymers that reduce the stiffness of the base resin and increase its impact resistance. These structures also provide some degree of compatibility with -f ethylene-alpha olefin plastomers. Basic studies conducted using HPP in polypropylene-plastomer blends illustrate principles that apply to other types of PP as well. 

The addition of talc to polypropylene reduces the coefficient of thermal expansion by about 50%, in the temperature range from 50 to 150°C at 30% loading 6 x 10 in/in/°C for impact copolymer resin versus 3 X 10" in/in/X with a 30 wt% loading of talc. The effect appears to be independent of the fineness of grind of the talc. 

The two TPO systems examined in this study, TPOl and TP02, had virtually the same balance of physical properties. Both materials were comprised of a polypropylene (PP) matrix with an elastomer, and other traditional TPO additives, such as colorant and slip agent. The difference between the two was in the type of PP resin used. For TPOl an impact copolymer (ICP) PP was used, while in the TP02 formulation a high crystalline PP homopolymer was utilized. 

Some cast (unoriented) polypropylene film is produced. Its clarity and heat sealabiUty make it ideal for textile packaging and overwrap. The use of copolymers with ethylene improves low temperature impact, which is the primary problem with unoriented PP film. Orientation improves the clarity and stiffness of polypropylene film, and dramatically increases low temperature impact strength. BOPP film, however, is not readily heat-sealed and so is coextmded or coated with resins with lower melting points than the polypropylene shrinkage temperature. These layers may also provide improved barrier properties. 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

Acetal Resin Amorphous Nylon Impact Polystyrene Nylon 11 Nylon 12 Nylon 6 Nylon 610 Nylon 66 Polyester PBT Polypropylene SAN Copolymer... 

Several approaches to compatibilizing PPE blends with commercial polyolefins (polypropylene, etc.) have been reported in the literature (Lee 1990 Kirkpatrick et al. 1989). Simultaneous compatibilization and impact modification of PPE/polypropylene blends was achieved by choosing selected types of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymers and PPE resin of low molecular weight (Akkapeddi and VanBuskirk 1992). A family of PPE/polypropylene alloys were commercially launched by G.E. in 2001, under the Noryl PPX trade name, and these are now sold by Sabic. Typical properties of a commercial PPE/PP blend are shown in Table 19.32. These PPE/PP blends are claimed to offer a balance of cost and performance between the TPOs and other higher-cost engineering thermoplastics such as nylons, modified PET, and PBT resins. Basically, the PPE/PP blends offer a balance of key properties stiffness, toughness, chemical, and heat resistance. 

Random copolymer resins are produced by mixing the polypropylene monomer at the first stages of polymerization with ethylene or with another comonomer such as butene. With the low level incorporation of comonomer, the resulting resin exhibits somewhat lower stiffness, a lower melting point, and reduced hardness compared with the PP homopolymer. However, it features better transparency, lower blush resistance, and slightly improved impact resistance at 0°C. 

Modification of commercial polymers to enhance their toughness has become a major new field of polymer science. The commercial success of HIPS and ABS led to the development of a whole new group of mbber-toughened plastics (1-3). Chapter 1 provides trend data for the use of polypropylene (PP) resins as cost-effective replacement of engineering polymers. With the development of tailored polypropylene copolymers (see Chap. 2) and plastomers for impact modification (see Chap. 7), composites of fillers and fibrous reinforcement can be effectively toughened to compete with polyamide type products. 

Syndiotactic polypropylene can be used as an impact modifier. Indeed, the addition of s-PP to i-PP can improve impact characteristics over pure i-PP [222-225]. When s-PP is blended with i-PP, the resulting resin has a processability better than that of i-PP and impact and transparency properties better than those of pure i-PP. As an impact modifier to a controlled rheology i-PP copolymer, s-PP does not crosslink or affect the peroxide efficiency of the copolymer while improving the Izod notched impact and maintaining the similar processability of the copolymer. 

The surface content and the distribution of (ethylene-propylene) copolymer (EP) in toughened polypropylene (PP) resins (PP/EP) have important impact on a lot of properties such as gloss, paint adhesion, hardness,. .. These surface properties are more and more important in the multiple applications of these resins, for instance for paint adhesion in the automotive industry. It has already been shown that the introduction of EP in PP provides better paint adhesion but its role remains speculative (1-4), A major drawback to the understanding of the EP influence on PP/EP surface properties is the lack of knowledge concerning the blends surface morphology (EP content, EP lateral distribution,. ..). This is essentially due to the similar chemical composition of both polymers that prevents surface analysis by classical chemical surface spectroscopies. 

Benefos 1680 is a secondary antioxidant. It is particularly useful in polyolefins and olefin-copolymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers as wall as polycarbonate and polyamids. Other applications Include use in linear polyesters, high impact polystyrene, ABS, SAN, adhesives, natural and synthetic tackifier resins, elastomers such as BR, IR, euid other organic siibstrates. 

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