Impact copolymer

Properties Polybutylene extrusion Homopolymer Copolymer Impact copolymer Polyallomer Injection molding ... 

Fig. 12. Unipol PP process where A is the polymerization reactor B, recycle gas compressor C, recycle gas cooler D, product discharge tank E, impact copolymer reactor F, recycle gas compressor G, recycle gas cooler and H, product discharge tank (134).

Furthermore, increased governmental scmtiny of chemical substances will make it more difficult to bring a new product to market. The choice of comonomers and copolymers maybe based pardy on EPA, EDA, OSHA, and TSCA rulings. In addition to these regulations, the thmst toward recycling polymers is expected to impact copolymer production. The abiUty to recover and reprocess these materials will be a key factor for economic success. 

Extremely soft and fluid blends of E-plastomers with iPP have been made by incorporating a large amount of a low-density E-plastomer with added process oil for fluidity and softness with a minor amount of iPP [10]. In a representative formulation, 56 parts of an impact copolymer (ICP) which had 62 wt% of iPP and the balance an EPR, 22 parts of an E-plastomer (hexene comonomer), 11 parts of an E-plastomer (octene comonomer), and 5 parts of talc showed a Rockwell R hardness 77,... 

Molding and extrusion 30-35% glass-fiber- reinforced High-impact copolymer Molding 33% glass-fiber-reinforced Molybdenum disulfide- filled ... 

Clear/impact copolymers, 26 538-540 Clearing layer, in Polaroid SX-70 film, 29 305... 

Impact copolymer production, in the Spheripol process, 20 538 Impact copolymers, 26 538 Impact ionization avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diodes, compound semiconductors in, 22 160-162 Impact modifiers... 

Polypropylene is extensively used in injection molding because of the wide range of physical properties and melt flow rates available. The principal markets served include transportation (primarily automotive), appliances, consumer products, rigid packaging, and medical products. Polypropylene use has increased in the automotive industry because of the wide availability of high melt flow rate impact copolymers for use in large thin parts, such as interior trim. 

Fig. 44. The SFM amplitude (a) and force modulation (b) maps of a cryogenic faced impact copolymer (ICP) composed of a polypropylene (PP) matrix with high ethylene (60 wt. %) ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP). Crystalline polyethylene (PE) phases are seen in the EP domains, which are surrounded by the PP matrix. Modulus contrast in the force modulation (drive amplitude 100 mV) image associated with the three polymers the stiff PP matrix is dark, the soft EP domains are light. The crystalline PE regions have modulus between the PP and the EP,thus an intermediate shade of grey is observed for the PE domains [128]...

A single reactor system is used to make olefin homopolymers and random copolymers. Two reactors are operated in series for the production of block copolymers (impact copolymers). An inert conveying gas (nitrogen) is used to maintain the fluidised bed in the reactor for impact copolymerisation [43,51]. 

Application Spheripol process technology produces propylene-based polymers including homopolymer PP and many families of random and heterophasic impact and specialty impact copolymers. 

Products The process can produce a broad range of propylene-based polymers, including homopolymer PP, various families of random copolymers and terpolymers, heterophasic impact and speciality impact copolymers (up to 25% bonded ethylene), as well as high-stiffness, high-clarity copolymers. 

In case of high impact copolymer production, an additional 20 kWh is required... 

Application To produce polypropylene (PP) homopolymer, random copolymer and impact copolymer using the BP Innovene gas-phase process with proprietary 4th generation supported catalyst. 

For impact copolymer production, a second reactor (4) in series is required. A reliable and effective gas-lock system (3) transfers powder from the first (homopolymer) reactor to the second (copolymer) reactor, and prevents cross contamination of reactants between reactors. This is critically important when producing the highest quality impact copolymer. In most respects, the operation of the second reactor system is similar to that of the first, except that ethylene in addition to propylene is fed to the second reactor. Powder from the reactor is transferred and depressurized in a gas/powder separation system (5) and into a purge column (6) for catalyst deactivation. The deactivated powder is then pelletized (7) with additives into the final products. 

Products A wide range of polypropylene products (homopolymer, random copolymer and impact copolymer) can be produced to serve many applications, including injection molding, blow molding, thermoforming, film, extrusion, sheet and fiber. Impact copolymer produced using this process exhibits a superior balance of stiffness and impact resistance over a broad temperature range. 

In the process, homopolymer and random copolymer polymerization occurs in the loop-type reactor (or vessel-type reactor) (1). For impact copolymer production, copolymerization is performed in a gas-phase reactor (2) after homopolymerization. The polymer is discharged from a gas-phase reactor and transferred to the separator (3). Unreacted gas accompanying the polymer is removed by the separator and recycled to the reactor system. The polymer powder is then transferred to the dryer system (4) where remaining propylene is removed and recovered. The dry powder is pelletized by the pelletizing system (5) along with required stabilizers. 

Product The process can produce a broad range of polypropylene polymers, including homo-polymer, random copolymer and impact copolymer, which become high-quality grades that can cover various applications. 

Application Tb produce polypropylene including homopolymer, random copolymer and impact copolymer. 

Products Homopolymers can be produced with melt flows from less than 0.1 to 3,000 and isotactic content up to 99%. Random copolymers can be produced with up to 12 wt% ethylene or up to 21 wt% butene over a wide melt flow range (<0.1 to >100). A full range of impact copolymers can be polymerized with a good stiffness to impact balance. Products from narrow to broad molecular-weight distribution can be manufactured in grades suitable for film injection, molding, blow molding, extrusion and textile applications. 

Targor GmbH Polypropylene Propylene Novelen process uses 1 or 2 gas-phase reactors connected in series to produce PP homopolymer, copolymer and impact copolymer NA NA... 

The excellent performance of metallocenes in copolymerizations also offer improvements in impact copolymers. In the wide variety of properties of impact copolymers, the stiffness of the material is determined by the matrix material, while the impact resistance largely depends on the elastomeric phase. While conventional catalysts show some inhomogeneities in the ethene/propene rubber phase due to crystalline ethene rich sequences, the more homogenous comonomer distribution obtained with metallocene catalysts results in a totally amorphous phase [153]. 

Figure 7 Novolen process a) first reactor, b) second reactor for impact copolymers, c) compressor, d) condensation, e) pump,f) filter, g) cyclone, h) deactivation and purge.

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