Levels desired

Port-type ted dessert wines require skin contact time to extract the anthocyanins, but the fermentation must be short to retain the sugar level neat the 6—10% level desired. The winemaker cannot always achieve desired composition in individual lots. In order to teach the desired standard, it is necessary to make new lots to enable blending to that standard. The right volume of a tedder, less sweet wine will need to be made to bring to standard a lot with low color and mote sugar, for example, while keeping the alcohol also within the desired limits. 

If the solution were removed from Tank 1 and added to Tank 2, which also contained 1 eq of resin in the X ion form, the solution and resin phase would both contain 0.25 eq of Y ion and 0,75 eq of X ion. Repeating the procedure in a third and fourth tank would reduce the solution content of Y ions to 0.125 and 0.0625 eq. respectively. Despite an unfavorable resin preference. using a sufficient number of stages could reduce the concentration of Y ions in solution to any level desired. This analysis simplifies the column technique, but it does provide insights into the process dynamics. Separations are possible despite poor selectivity for the ion being removed. Most industrial applications of ion exchange use fixed-bed column... 

In cases where unconverted reactants can be readily separated from the product stream it may be preferable to use only the CSTR operating at the maximum rate, regardless of the conversion level desired, because the separated reactants can be recycled. In this case one must... 

The following protocol for the modification of an amine-dendrimer with an SCN-Bzl-DTPA chelator is based on the literature references previously cited. Dendrimers of other generations will work well in this procedure provided that the molar ratios of reactants are adjusted for the size of dendrimer being used and the substitution level desired. 

Add CDI-mPEG to this solution with stirring to bring the final concentration of the activated polymer to 180 mM. Note Other ratios of polymer-to-protein may be used, depending on the modification level desired. Some optimization of the derivatization level may have to be done to obtain conjugates having the best amount of polymer substitution with retention of protein activity. 

High levels of sernm cholesterol can damage endothelial cells, althongh a better indication of the risk is provided by the serum LDL-cholesterol level. Desirable levels of serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level are given in Table 22.2. 

Depending upon the quality level desired, the type of paint and the application method used, and the metal mix treated, a number of different types of pretreatment processes are available. For use as a paint base, the phosphate processes are either of the "iron phosphate" or the "zinc phosphate" type. 

Chromatography also has its own special equipment requirements that vary dependent on the type and scale of the procedure, and the efficiency level desired from the separation. This paper deals predominantly with chromatographic separations as they pertain to large-scale industrial processes and their special needs and considerations. 

For reactions where the rate-concentration curve passes through a maximum or minimum the arrangement of units depends on the actual shape of curve, the conversion level desired, and the units available. No simple rules can be suggested. 

The MO approach to a bonding in AB molecules is widely regarded as the most generally useful one for two reasons. First, it is rigorous with regard to the symmetry properties of both the basis orbitals and MOs. Second, within this symmetry-based framework, the numerical accuracy of the results can then be taken to any level desired if sufficiently elaborate computations are done. 

Precision measure of the maximum random error or deviation of a single observation. It may be expressed as the standard error or a multiple thereof, depending on the probability level desired. 

Customer expectations for service operate at two levels—desired and adequate. In other words, there is the ideal of what customers expect and the level of service that will satisfy them. Ideally, one would expect every airline flight to arrive and depart precisely on time, the attendants be personally solicitous, and luggage never be lost or damaged. Realistically, the customer personally may find a 15-minute delay, a courteous attendant, and a rare problem with luggage to be acceptable. Any level of service in the gap between ideal and adequate service is characterized as a zone of tolerance. The zone of tolerance for acceptable service varies based on the specific service dimension. The zone of tolerance for reliability on the filling of a prescription is exceedingly narrow. More than likely there is no zone of tolerance on this dimension. Conversely, the zone of acceptance for the appearance of a pharmacy for many customers is probably quite wide. More than likely, once a minimum standard for cleanliness is met, the customer may care little about how the pharmacy looks (Parasuraman, Berry, and Zeithaml, 1991). 

The chromatogram embodies all of the knowledge that results from the HPLC. It is therefore important that the system is operating correctly before any type of analysis is attempted. While no one intentionally uses an HPLC that is not working properly, it is imperative to verify that it is functioning correctly. Additionally, it is important to choose a detector that will see the compound(s) of interest at the sensitivity level desired. Lastly, retention and separation must be attained. 

Since the vapor pressure of the contaminant is a function of the separator operating temperature, it is desirable to operate the separator at the lowest reasonable temperature consistent with the process requirements (cleanliness level desired and vapor pressure of the contaminants). See the discussion on recycle. 

Dewatering methods are available for most high-water-content virgin and waste biomass. This suggests that the moisture content of such feedstocks can be readily adjusted before conversion. This is not the case, however, because it is often difficult to reduce moisture content to the level desired at reasonable cost. 

VL=Minimum detectable response=pbi + ( bi)j where pbi=mean of replicate analyses of a blank (a minimum of 20 is recommended), k=a numerical factor chosen according to the confidence level desired (a value of 3 is strongly recommended) and bi =the standard deviation of the blank responses. 5 is the sensitivity of the method. 

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