Heavy Duty

HOaQCHjlfiCOiH, CSH14O4. Important dicarboxylic acid obtained by oxidizing ricino-leic acid (from castor oil) also obtained by oxidation of cyclo-octene or cyclo-octadiene formerly obtained from cork. Used in the formation of alkyd resins and polyamides. Esters are used as plasticizers and heavy duty lubricants and oils. 

It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Stellite alloys, containing cobalt, chromium, and tungsten, are used for high-speed, heavy-duty, high temperature cutting tools, and for dies. 

Teflon stir bar 1 heavy duty balloon 1 roll of electrical tape Magnetic stirrer Support stand and clamps Ohaus triple beam scale 1 plastic funnel... 

Heat-transfer media Heat-transfer medium Heat-transfer oils Heat-transfer view Heat treating polyester Heat treatment Heavy crude oil Heavy-duty engines Heavy fuel oil Heavy gas oil Heavy metal Heavy metals... 

Furan, a Class 3 DOT hazard, is shipped in tank cars, tank tmcks and in heavy duty dmms. The selling price of furan in bulk is Hsted at 1.60/lb. 

The various welding processes result in systems of varying complexity. They include at least the electrode and a device for holding or feeding it, the work piece, the power source, and heavy-duty cabling to provide a complete electrical circuit. Provisions for supply and control of gas and control of wire feed and movement of the electrode assembly are required, depending on process type and degree of automation. 

Microstructurc. Crystal size, porosity, and impurity phases play a major role in fixing the fracture characteristics and toughness of an abrasive grain. As an example, rapidly cooled fused aluminum oxide has a microcrystalline stmcture promoting toughness for heavy-duty grinding appHcations, whereas the same composition cooled slowly has a macrocrystalline stmcture more suitable for medium-duty grinding. 

Sintered abrasives made from bauxite and calcined alumina are heavy-duty abrasives they are much too strong and tough for precision grinding. 

Resinoid-bonded wheels find wide use in heavy-duty snagging operations where large amounts of metal must be removed quickly, in cutting-off operations, portable disk grinding (as for weld-beads), roU grinding, and vertical spindle disk grinding. 

Table 4. Distribution of California s Heavy-Duty Alternative Fuel Demonstration Vehicles...

Cetane Improvers. Compared to dedicated alcohol engines, fewer hardware changes need to be made to heavy-duty engines using cetane... 

A. Lawson, A. J. Last, A. S. Desphande, and E. W. Simmons, "Heavy-Duty Tmck Diesel Engine Operation on Unstabihzed Methanol/Diesel Euel Emulsion," SAE Paper 810346, (SP-480) Int. Congress and Expo (Detroit, Mich., Peb. 23—27,1981) Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa. 

M. D. Jackson, S. Uimasch, and D. D. Lowell, "Heavy-Duty Methanol Engines Wear and Emissions," 8th Int. Sjmp. onylkoholFuels (Tokyo, Japan, Nov. 13-16,1988). 

R. A. Brown, J. A. Nicholson, M. D. Jackson, and C. Sullivan, "Methanol-Pueled Heavy-Duty Tmck Engine AppHcations The CEC Program." V4E Paper 890972, SyPE 40th yinnualEarthmoving Industj Conf. (Peoria, lU., April 11—13,1989) Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa. 

R. Baranescu and co-workers, "Prototype Development of a Methanol Engine for Heavy-Duty AppHcation-Performance and Emissions," Sy4E Paper 891655, SyPE Future Transportation Technology Conf. (Aug. 7—20,1989), Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa. 

M. D. Jackson, C. Sullivan, and P. Wuebben, "California s Demonstration of Heavy-Duty Methanol Engines ia Tmcking AppHcations," 9th Int. 

H. O. Hardenburg, "Comparative Study of Heavy-Duty Engine Operation with Diesel Puel and Ignition-Improved Methanol," Sy4E Paper 872095, SyPE Int. Fuels and Eubricants Meeting andExpo. (Toronto, Canada, Nov. 2—5,1987), Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa. 

Owing to its properties, methanol is not recommended for aircraft or marine fuel uses. Methanol caimot be used in conventional diesel-powered vehicles without modifications to the fuel system and engine. Simple methanol—diesel blends are not possible because of insolubiUty. Heavy-duty diesel engines have been adapted to use neat methanol by many U.S. manufacturers, and several are being used in field demonstrations (82) (see Alcohol fuels). 

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