Modified Fatty Acid

Polyesters may be used [27-30,223] instead of a fatty acid modifier for imidazoline. Thus a corrosion inhibitor with film-forming and film-persistency characteristics can be produced by first reacting, in a condensation reaction, a polybasic acid with a polyalcohol to form a partial ester. The partial ester is reacted with imidazoline or fatty diamines to result in a salt of the ester. Oil-soluble, highly water-dispersible corrosion inhibitor or oil-dispersible. 

In the 1980s, a new collector (i.e. fatty acid-modified xanthate) was introduced into the Kolwezi concentrator with significant improvement in copper recovery. In 1995, collectors from the PM series were tested in the Nchanga concentrate improving results. The plant results obtained in the Kolwezi concentrate using xanthate and TY3 are compared in Table 19.10. Collector TY3 also had a positive effect on cobalt recovery. 

During fluorite flotation, Quebracho and lignin sulphonate mixture (MESB) was used with collector composed of a mixture of oleic acid and phosphoric ester. Collectors used for bastnaesite flotation included tall oil fatty acid modified with three ethylene tetra... 

Collector CB110 is composed of a mixture of fatty acids modified with hydrocarbon oil and then oxidized. The final results obtained in continuous operation are presented below (Table 24.16). 

However, similar changes in hpid conposition are possible using a variety of other cell types (Bums and Wagner, 1993) such as an adenocarcinoma (Awad and Specter, 1976), and hepatoma (Wood et al, 1975). The dietary fatty acid modification is not limited to tumor cells, since many tissues of the host are affected (Bums et al., 1983). However, different tissues are modified to varying extents, and because of this it will likely be possible to develop protocols that provide therapeuhc selechvity by producing greater or lesser enrichment of the neoplashc cells with a particular type of fatty acid as compared to normal tissues. We have also demonstrated that L1210 leukemia cells that were fatty acid modified in vivo and then placed into tissue culture maintain their experimentally-induced fatty acid composition for up to 4 days (Bums et al, 1980). Therefore, this is a versahle model. 

Certain compounds which have the ability to film or adsorb onto a metal surface are effective at improving fuel lubricity performance. These compounds include modified fatty acids, modified fatty amines, and other amine=based compounds. For years, the lubricity performance of jet fuel has been improved by treatment with organic acid based corrosion inhibitors. 

S Omura, El Tomoda, N Tabata, Y Ohyama, A Abe, M Namikoshi. Roselipins, novel fungal metabolites having a highly methylated fatty acid modified with a mannose and an arabinitol. J Antibiot 52 586-589, 1999. 

Figure 9.17 Distribution of major fatty acids ( xg fatty acids L-1 and xg fatty acid mg-1 OC) in particulate organic matter (POM), very high molecular mass dissolved organic matter (VHDOM) (30 kDa-0.02 xm), and high molecular mass DOM (HDOM) (1-30 xm) in Delaware Bay estuary. Bacterial fatty acids (FA) included branched and normal saturated acids and 15 1A4 and PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acids. (Modified from Mannino and Harvey, 1999.)...

Liu S, Baracos VE, Quinney HA, Clandinin MT. Dietary omega-3 and polyunsaturated fatty acids modify fatty acyl composition and insulin binding in skeletal-muscle sarcolemma. Biochem. J. 1994 299(Pt 3) 831-837. 

Retinal calcium-binding proteins obtained from the phenyl-Sepharose column can be separated by RP-HPLC (20). Calmodulin elutes first, followed by Capl. S-1006 elutes as two distinct peaks, while recoverin was separated into a series of at least three overlapping peaks (20). Mass spectrometry revealed that these peaks correspond to the different fatty acid modified forms of recoverin. The first peak contains the C14 2 and C12 0 acylated forms. The second recoverin peak consists of the C14 l species and the third peak C14 0. The same procedure may be used to isolate similarly modified proteins, including the photoreceptor G protein transducin. 

Ramzi, A. Bauer, B.J. Scherrenberg, R. Joosten, J. Amis, E.J. SANS study of fatty acid modified dendrimers. Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1998, 79, 382-383. 

Kang JX, Leaf A. Evidence that polyunsaturated fatty acids modify Na" channels by directly binding to the channel protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996 93 3542-3546. 

Xiao YF, Kang JX, Morgan JP, Leaf A. Blocking effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on Na channels of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92(November), 11,000-11,004. Xiao YF, Li X. Polyunsaturated fatty acids modify mouse hippocampal neuronal excitability during... 

Xiao Y-E, Li X. Polyunsaturated fatty acids modify mouse hippocampal neuronal excitability during excitotoxic or convulsant stimulation. Brain Res 1999 846 112-121. 

Zhang H, Schneider SE, Bray BL et al (2008) Process evelopment of TRI-999, a fatty-acid-modified HIV fusion inhibitory peptide. Org Proc Res Develop 12 101-110... 

Step II - Conversion to a fatty acid modified linear polymer... 

Fig. 5. Pathway depicting how flux through phosphatidylcholine (product of reaction 3) can promote acyl group diversity in plant triacylglycerols. Production of 18 2 (boxed) at the sn-2 position and its transfer to TG is used as a sample modification. Other fatty acid alterations may be substituted. Enzymes 1, glycerol-3-phosphate acyl-CoA acyltransferase and lysophosphatidic acid acyl-CoA acyltransferase 2, phosphatidic acid phosphatase 3, diacylglyceroliCDP-aminoalcohol aminoalcoholphosphotransferase 4, 18 l-desaturase or other fatty acid modifying enzyme 5, phosphlipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase 6, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 7, acyl-CoA phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase or phospholipase plus acyl-CoA synthetase.

Hitz, W.D. 1998. Fatty acid modifying enzymes from developing seeds of Vemonia galamen-ensis. U.S. Patent 5,846,784. 

The term cdkyd resin has come to mean fatty acid-modified polyesters used primarily in the surface-coating field. These resins are film formers which have excellent durability, adhesion, and flexibility. The alkyds are also used in conjunction with melamine and urea resins for durable baked finishes. A wide variety of resins can be made by varyii the amount and type of oil fatty acids, polyfunctional alcohols, and organic acids. The... 

Wipe-off coats are not numerous. Coating compositions based on neutralized synthetic fatty acids modified by a mixture of water- and oil-soluble Cl are diluted by white spirit to the required viscosity. They are either sprayed,... 

The binders used in the production of alkyd paints, namely alkyd resins, are oil-modified or fatty-acid-modified condensation polymers of polybasic acids and polyhydric alcohols. Alkyd resins account for ca. 45 % of the total world production of paint raw materials, excluding plastics latexes and polyvinyl dispersions. 

Chem. Descrip. Fatty acid-modified polyester PU resin (45%) in water/N-methyl pyrrolidone, neutralized with dimethyl ethanolamine Uses Polyester for highly flexible aq. stoving systems, e.g., stone chip-resist. primer surfacers for on-line automotive finishing Features Rec. in combination with water-thinnable amino resins Properties Ylsh./brnsh. cloudy appearance 45 015 nm mean particle size sol. in water, alcohols, glycols, glycol ethers dens. = 1.1 ml (20 C) vise. 200-2000 mPa-s-(23 C) add no. 13 02 pH 7.25 00.75 (1 3 in DW) equiv. wt. = 1417 anionic 4501%NV Bayhydrol PR 135 [Bayer AG]... 

Chem. Descrip. Solv.-free fatty acid-modified polymer Uses Dispersant/wetting agent for pigments, grinding vehicle to produce VOC-free pigment cones, for (waterborne coatings Features c. compat. (with resins commonly used in waterborne and solv.-based coatings... 

Chem. Descrip. Fatty acid modified poiymer in water Uses Dispersant for VOC-free pigmenfs, grinding vehicie in water- and soiv,-borne decorative paints Features Seif-emuisifying free of soivs. and amines Properties 6 max. coior dens. 1.06-1.09 g/cm (20 C) 74-76% act. Storage Store in a cooi, dry piace protected against frost 5 yr max. sheif iife when kept in the originai, unopened container EFKA -2018 [EFKA Additives BV]... 

Chem. Descrip. Fatty acid modified polyester Uses Emulsifier, stabilizer for pigments and colorants in decorative paints activator for bentonites and associative/acrylic thickeners Features Max. color development of the cotorant higher pigment loading optimum color acceptance of the colorants in the ba paints Properties Dark brn. liq. dens. 0.95-1.05 g/cm (20 C) add no. 20-30 amine no. 30-40 100% act. 

Chem. Descrip. Fatty acid-modified alkyd resin (35%) in water emulsion with neutralizer N,N-dimethylethanolamine (1.5%), as salt Uses Alkyd for high bodied stoving systems in one-coat and decorative finishes... 

Chem. Descrip. Sat. branched fatty acid-modified polyester resin (75%) in ) lene... 

Fatty Acid Modified Poly Hexamethylene Adipamide)... 

Resin, Phenolic, Fatty Acid Modified a 631-2698 Rubber, Natsyn ... 

Another common approach to water-based coating formulations is post-emulsification of a polymer in water. Several condensation polymers, e.g. alkyds, i.e. fatty-acid-modified polyesters, polyurethanes and epoxy resins, have been made into dispersions by the use of a suitable emulsifier and application of high shear. For instance, long oil alkyd resins of the type used in white-spirit-based formulations have been successfully emulsified by using nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates or fatty acid monoethanolamide ethoxylates. Neutralization of alkyd carboxylic groups helps in producing small emulsion droplets and with the proper choice of surfactant, droplet diameters of less than 1 pm can be obtained. Such dispersions are sufficiently stable for most applications. 

Johnson BD, Baner JM, Niedermaier DJ, Crone WC, Beebe DJ (2004) Experimental techniques for mechanical characterization of hydrogels at the microscale. Experim Mech 44 21-28 10. Kraft ML, Moore JS (2003) n-Alkyl fatty acid modified microgels ton permeation as a function of chain length. Langmuir 19 910-915... 

Kang, K.R., Cherian, G. and Sim, J.S. (2001). Dietary palm oil alters the lipid stability of polyunsaturated fatty acid-modified poultry products. Poultry Science, 80, 228-234. 

Partial molar enthalpies of mixing at infinite dilution of water and enthalpies of solution of water vapor in molten polymers from inverse gas-liquid chromatography (IGC) Polymer (B) polyester (hyperbranched) 2009DOM Characterization M /g.mor = 6500,M yg.mor = 9750, fatty acid modified, Boltom U3000, Perstorp Specialty Chemicals AB, Perstorp, Sweden ... 

---