1.2- BUTYLENE OXIDE

MethylceUulose is made by reaction of alkaU ceUulose with methyl chloride until the DS reaches 1.1—2.2. HydroxypropyhnethylceUulose [9004-65-3], the most common of this family of products, is made by using propylene oxide in addition to methyl chloride in the reaction MS values of the hydroxypropyl group in commercial products are 0.02—0.3. Use of 1,2-butylene oxide in the alkylation reaction mixture gives hydroxybutyhnethylceUulose [9041-56-9, 37228-15-2] (MS 0.04—0.11). HydroxyethyhnethylceUulose [903242-2] is made with ethylene oxide in the reaction mixture. 

Similarly, ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide are used to make methyUiydroxy-ethylcellulose and methyUiydroxybutylcellulose, respectively. 

Ch nical Designations1-Butene Oxide 1,2-Butylene Oxide a//>im-Butylene Oxide 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical Formula C2H3CHCH2O. 

Butylene oxide may be hydrolyzed to butylene glycol, which is used to make plasticizers. 1,2-Butylene oxide is a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents and also an intermediate in organic synthesis such as in surfactants and pharmaceuticals. 

In general, polyalkylene polyamides-amines are obtained by the condensation of polyalkylenepolyamines with dicarboxylic acids. The materials are alkoxylated with an excess of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide or 1,2-butylene oxide [149],... 

The morphologies of various copolymers composed of polyethylene oxide), PEO, and poly (1,2-butylene oxide), PBut, were recently reviewed by Ryan et al. [61]. The corresponding phase diagrams of PEO-fr-PBut, PBut-fo-PEO-fo-PBut and PEO-fo-PBut-fo-PEO melts are depicted in Fig. 11. In all phase diagrams the semi-crystalline lamellar phase was not attained because of the copolymers low melting points. 

Booth C, Yu GE, Nace VM (1997) Block copolymers of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide. In Alexandridis P, Lindman B (eds) Amphiphilic block copolymers self-asssembly and applications. Elsevier, Amsterdam... 

Nitromethane is commercially available with the following specifications (by weight) purity, 98.0% min. total nitroparaffms, 99.0% min. acidity (as acetic acid), 0.1% max. and water, 0.1% max. Nitromethane can be made less sensitive to detonation by shock by the addition of compounds such as alcohols, hydrocarbons, esters and ketones. These desensitizers, with the minimum content by weight that must be present in the mixtures, are cyclohexanone (25%), 1,4-dioxane (35%), 1,2-butylene oxide (40%), methanol (45%), 2-nitropropane (47%), 1-nitropropane (48%) or methyl chloroform (50%) (Angus Chemical Co., 1998). 

Chem. Abstr. Services Reg. No.. 106-88-7 Chem. Abstr. Name. Ethyloxirane lUPAC Systematic Name. 1,2-Butylene oxide... 

The detection of 1,2-propylene oxide in the products from methyl ethyl ketone combustion is particularly interesting. It parallels the formation of ethylene oxide in acetone combustion (8) and of 1,2-butylene oxide in the combustion of diethyl ketone. Thus, there is apparently a group of isomerization reactions in which carbon monoxide is ejected from the transition state with subsequent closing of the C—C bond. Examination of scale molecular models shows that reactions of this type are, at any rate, plausible geometrically. 

Butyl disulfides, dl 13, dl 14 1,4-Butylene bis(2,3-epoxypropyl) ether, bl 75 1,3-Butylene glycol methyl ether, m57 1,2-Butylene oxide, e3 Butyl ether, dl 15... 

The following synthesis (Scheme 15) of 2-ethylpyrazine, based on the reaction of ethylenediamine and 1,2-butylene oxide, is illustrative of the further application of these reactions.171... 

Polymerization of 1,2-butylene oxide with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate or borontrifluoride leads to a mixture of polymer, dimer, tetramer and larger rings (7). 

Smaller uses of 1-butene are in 1,2-butylene oxide, butyl mercaptan, and butyl phenols. Butylene oxide, produced by the chlorohydrin process, is used as a corrosion inhibitor in chlorinated solvents. Butyl mercaptan is a precursor for organophosphate herbicides, pharmaceutical intermediates, and is used as a gas odorant. 

SYNS BUTYLENE OXIDE 1,2-BUTYLENE OXIDE 1,2-BUTYLENE OXIDE, stabilized (DOT) EPOXYBUTANE U-EPOXYBUTANE ETHYLENE OXIDE, ETHYL- ETHYL ETHYLENE OXIDE ETHYLOXIR-ANE NCI-C55527... 

A H NMR relaxation study of di-block and tri-block copolymers of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide aqueous solutions has shown a phase transition from a micelle to a gel in the relaxation time of the ethylene oxide block, consistent with gel formation by close packing of micelles. NOE shows that the blocks of ethylene oxide and 1,2-butylene oxide interpenetrate at the core-fringe boundary.307 Similar phenomena have been observed for the tri-block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. At the critical micellar temperature, a marked transition in the relaxation times of the hydrophobic propylene oxide block occurs, which is attributed to a change from well-solvated mobile chains below the critical micellar temperature to a more restricted concentrated micelle-core environment above this temperature. However, no transition in the properties of the hydrophilic block of ethylene oxide has been observed. NOE data indicate that in the micelles there is considerable interpenetration of the... 

Poly(ethylene oxide)-6-poly(1,2-butylene oxide)... 

Reduction of epoxides. The reaction of diborane alone with epoxides is complicated. Thus 1,2-butylene oxide requires 48 hrs. and gives a mixture of butanols (96% 2-butanol and 4% 1-butanol) in only 48% yield. The reaction with trisub-stituted epoxides is even more complicated and only trace amounts of simple alcohols are formed. Brown and Yoon1 found that the presence of trace amounts of sodium or lithium borohydride greatly enhances the rate of reaction and modifies the course to give predominantly anti-Markownikov opening of the epoxide ring. Thus 1-methylcyclohexene oxide is reduced mainly to m-2-methylcydohexanol ... 

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