Partnerships

The appeal of a partnership is that it combines the financial assets, facilities, equipment, and talents of two or more individuals who are interested in engaging in the same type of business. On the negative side, particularly when compared to a sole proprietorship, individual partners are restricted in their business actions although they typically have more latitude than owners of a corporation. For example, a partner cannot sell or mortgage his or her share of the partnership s assets without permission of the other partners. Furthermore, in a fashion similar to the sole proprietorship, each partner is financially responsible for the acts of all the partners to the full extent of his or her personal assets. 

Although various kinds of corporations exist, such as private and public and profit nonprofit, this discussion is limited to private, for-profit corporations. Such a corporation is an entity created imder state or similar entity incorporation laws, consisting of one or more individuals, owned by one or more stockholders, and considered separate from the employees or the owners. A board of directors, elected by the owners, provides general control. The corporation can buy and sell real estate, enter into agreements, and sue and be sued. A corporation can be dissolved by surrender or expiration of its state or other charter with its business obligations settled in accordance with those laws. Owners pay taxes only on dividends received after the corporation pays state and federal taxes. A subchapter S Corporation is a special U.S. form of corporation available to businesses that have 35 or fewer stockholders and meet other requirements. The advantage of this form of corporation is that it has less tax liability than a standard corporation. 

A possible disadvantage of a corporation is that the stockholders are not in any way agents of the corporation. The board of directors controls the corporation and the officers of the board act as agents for the corporation although each stockholder owns a part of the organization, he or she cannot act unilaterally on behalf of the organization. 

From a legal perspective, businesses such as consulting firms, manufacturing companies, and constructors use one of three basic forms of business ownership the sole proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation. As you move through your career in the private sector, when you are an employee, you may work for all three types of organizations. If you decide to start you own business, various business ownership avenues and scenarios are available. For example, you may begin as a sole proprietorship, then join with others in a partnership, and finally convert to a corporation. 

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A new approach of partnership between client and inspection service organisations has been established primarily for the North Sea but increasingly finding application elsewhere Benefits accrue to all parties and the technical and commercial lessons learnt in the process have relevance to a wide range of other industries. 

The SWISS-PROT database [36] release 40.44 (February, 2003) contains over 120 000 sequences of proteins with more than 44 million amino adds abstracted from about 100 000 references. Besides sequence data, bibHographical references, and taxonomy data, there are highly valuable annotations of information (e.g., protein function), a minimal level of redundancy, and a high level of integration with other databases (EMBL, PDB, PIR, etc.). The database was initiated in 1987 by a partnership between the Department of Medicinal Biochemistry of the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and the EMBL. Now SWISS-PROT is driven as a joint project of the EMBL and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). 

E. J. StilweU and co-workers. Packaging for the Environment-A Partnership for Progress, American Management Association, Washington, D.C., 1991. 

Creating a Partnership with Suppliers and Equipment Manufacturers... 

In order to be successful any maintenance department needs strong internal customer—suppher partnerships. Such partnerships require opportunity for mutual benefits, predictable performance by each partner, and communication across links. 

The auto industry has estabbshed a cooperative program in the field, the Vehicle Recycling Partnership (VRP). In addition, some auto manufacturers have announced specific projects that include recycled mbber. Chrysler has announced that it is already using a mbber shield that incorporates cmmb mbber derived from scrap tires. Auto manufacturing companies have indicated a desire to expand the use of recycled post-consumer scrap mbber in their products. 

Borden, Inc. (Borden Chemicals Plastics Limited Partnership) Geismar, La. 

In partnership with Pittsburg Midway Coal Mining Co. 

It is based on a philosophy of continuous improvement and partnership. The intent is to establish dialogue and feedback for a clearer understanding of requirements and capabilities. The system has several basic steps ... 

National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure (NPACI) www.npaci.edu... 

Supplier partnerships or alliances have been used to control the cost of procurement. They are based on methods developed in Japan, initially in the automobile industry. These methods have been extended into the process industry and for the purchase of such items as compressor trains. Generally as originally conceived, they were intended mainly for commodity items. By using some innovative approaches, the concept of partnerships or alliances has been extended into the purchase of custom equipment. 

In this text, partnerships include alliances. Some companies prefer the alternate name. Partnerships are structured in many different ways. They may be project specific, commodity specific, or even company specific. Each company has its own qualification criteria. It is beyond the scope ol this book to go into detail on these because that is material for a text of its own. The intent here is to introduce the reader to the concept if it is not known and meld in the negotiarion modifiers for both neophyte and veteran... 

There is basically one goal for the partnership, with possible side benefits. The goal is to save money. When all the dust settles, that is it. However, there are associated benefits, the best of which is to minimize or even do away with adversarial relationships. It may be wishful thinking to believe that these will be completely eliminated. A related, but very important, benefit is to build trust between the parties. This is necessary to achieve the goal. 

Another useful approach is to attempt to get a broad review of the specification draft by operations, maintenance, and engineering. The specification must have an author who can write the basic document and who later edits the draft into the scope and language of the final specification. Single authorship, with committee review, is preferred over committee authorship. Only in rare instances is vendor participation in the specification authorship really justified, except in partnership relationships. 

Other Titles - The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 continue the federal acid rain research program and contain several provisions relating to research, development and air monitoring. They also contain provisions to provide additional unemployment benefits through the Job Training Partnership Act to workers laid off as a consequence of compliance with the Clean Air Act. The Act also contains provisions to improve visibility near National Parks and other parts of the country. Strict enforcement of the Clean Air Act Amendments is the driving force behind pollution abatement. Non-compliance is simply not an option, since there are both financial and criminal liabilities that outweigh any benefits derived from a business. 

Recycling Technical Assistance Partnership National Network A national information-sharing resource designed to help businesses and manufacturers increase their use of recovered materials. 

There are several joint ventures, such as the Multi Purpose Vehicles (MPV) that Ford, Nissan, and VW produce exactly the same vehicle with slight modifications. Ford, Seat, and VW also produce a common MPV and there are several partnerships, such as Rover engines being supplied to Proton, Ford, and Honda. Lada get their chassis from Fiat and their engines from GM. Mitsubishi build the Carisma in Holland in the same plant that Volvo build the S40. The Porche Boxster is assembled in Finland by the same company that assembles the Saab 9-3 cabriolet, and so on. One cannot be sure who owns the company that makes your car, where the components come from, and where it is assembled. What matters is that it meets your needs and expectations and this can only be achieved if there are some common systems in use in each of the countries, so that who owns who and who builds what becomes irrelevant to customer confidence. It is reported that within 20 years there may only be six vehicle manufacturers left in the world. ... 

Declare the intention to develop strategic alliances or partnerships with suppliers. 

Do attempt to establish partnerships with your suppliers so that there are mutual benefits from sharing common objectives. 

To guarantee shipment on time, you either need to maintain an adequate inventory of finished goods for shipment on demand or utilize only predictable processes and obtain sufficient advanced order information from your customer. When you examine some of the requirements in ISO/TS 16949, you may be tempted to question how you can continually improve performance, reduce costs, and minimize space, material travel, equipment downtime, process variation, etc. and meet 100% on-time shipments. You can t, unless you have a partnership with your customer in which there is mutual assistance to meet common objectives. Without sufficient lead time on orders you will be unlikely to meet the target. However, the standard does acknowledge that you may not always be successful. There will be matters outside your control and matters over which you need complete control. It is the latter that you can do something about and take corrective action should the target not be achieved. 

VDA 4 Part 1 Quality assurance prior to serial application - partnerships, processes, methods... 

Provides regulator). information for the chemical process industiy. The ChemAlliance site was made possible in large part due to funding provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. ChemAlliance is a partnership between the Chemical Industiy, EPA s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, and the ChemAlliance staff who reside at Michigan Technological University, Pacific Northwest National Laborator)>, and University of Wisconsin. 

The author wishes to acknowledge the efforts of his various research students from whose work some of the applications presented here have been drawn. In particular, I have enjoyed the excellent partnership in the pioneering PhD research of Mr (now Dr) Russell Kinghom. In addition, the provision of a gas chromatograph by Agilent Technologies and columns from SGE International have enabled our work to progress. 

Gemeinheit, /. commonness, meanness, gemeinsam, a. common mutual, joint. Gemeinschaft, /. community partnership society intercourse. 

GeAOSSt Genosset m. companion, associate, partner, accomplice (pi.) company, genossen, p.p. (of geniessen) enjoyed, etc. Genossenschaft, /. fellowship, partnership, company, association, cooperative. 

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