Research partnership between National

The authors would like to thank Research supported in part by National Seienee Foundation grant DMI-0300599, National University of Singapore Academie Research Grant R-314-000-030-112 and R-314-000-048-112, TLI-AP, a partnership between National University of Singapore and Georgia... 

Second, partnerships between materials developers and end users must be facilitated and encouraged. In some cases, this step may mean an R D consortium between university researchers, a chemical or materials company, and a product manufacturer. The National Institute of Standards and Technology s Advanced Technology Program (NIST ATP) is a good model that should be expanded. Several projects that have been funded are examples of this integration of research-development-commercialization by universities, a materials supplier, and an end-user product manufacturer. 

Canada s Hydrogen and Fuel Cell R D Program is managed by the partnership between NRCan s CANMET Energy Technology Centre with other federal government departments, including the National Research Council and the Department of National Defence. 

In January 2002, as a further step toward implementation of the National Energy Policy, Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham announced formation of the FreedomCAR Partnership, an ambitious, cost-shared cooperative research and development partnership between the Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. 

In 1987, the National Science Foundation initiated a program of "Private Sector Partnerships to Improve Science and Mathematics Education to draw on the intellectual resources of the private sector. Since two-thirds of all scientists and engineers in the United States are employed in private industry, where they carry out three-fourths of all U. S. research and development, the private sector constitutes a major intellectual resource on which the educational world should be drawing. With over 18 million now committed to more than 70 projects, the staff of the Education and Human Resources Directorate of the National Science Foundation has had ample opportunity to observe how successful partnerships between educational institutions and private sector firms and organizations can be. Likewise, we have also been able to identify factors which can keep such partnerships from accomplishing as much as anticipated. 

The International Year of Chemistry (lYC) in 2011 came about through a partnership between lUPAC and UNESCO. Regional, national, and local chemical societies organizations teaching and research institutions governments and industry will collaborate in a series of events to celebrate the accomplishments and future of chemistry during lYC 2011. 

We gratefully acknowledge discussions with Professor Richard McCreery and members of his research group. The authors research is supported by the National Institute for Nanotechnology, a partnership between the National Research Council Canada, the University of Alberta, and the Government of Alberta. 

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