Ovarian tumors serous

Epithelial ovarian tumors are composed of cells that cover the surface of the ovary, such as serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. 

Recently, Caduff et al. (1999) have evaluated abnormalities in p53 and Ki-ra.v in malignant and borderline ovarian tumors of various histological types in paraffin-embedded tissues. The patterns of these genetic alterations in borderline and malignant neoplasms were compared and correlated with cell type and stage. This preliminary molecular analysis suggests that serous borderline tumors have the same molecular features usually associated with malignancy but are unlikely to represent a precursor of invasive serous carcinoma. On the other hand, mucinous borderline tumors may represent a precursor or variant of mucinous carcinoma of the ovary. 

Overexpressed in late-stage serous ovarian tumor tissues and cell lines... 

Neoplasms that are essentially negative with most CEA antibodies include adenocarcinomas of prostate, kidney, adrenal gland, and endometrium,220 along with serous ovarian tumors and mesotheliomas. Liver cell-derived tumors are nonreacti ve with the monoclonal CEA antibodies but do react with the polyclonal antibodies... 

CEA- tumors prostate, renal, endometrial, adrenal, and serous ovarian tumors and mesothelioma... 

Kabawat SE, Bast RC, Bhan AK, et al. Immunopathologic characterization of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes common surface antigens of human ovarian tumors of serous, endometrioid and clear cell types. Am Clin Pathol. 1983 79 98-104. 

Hanselaar AG, Vooijs GP, Mayall B, et al. Epithelial markers to detect occult microinvasion in serous ovarian tumors. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1993 12 20-27. 

Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) Adenocarcinoma of lung, GIT, pancreas, biliary tract, breast, endometrium, transitional cell carcinoma, serous ovarian tumors Merkel cell carcinoma, cloacogenic carcinoma Epithelium of GIT, salivary glands, biliary tract, pancreas, lung, female genital tract, renal collecting ducts transitional epithelium, mesothelial cells, thyroid follicle cells... 

Cystadenofibromas account for 1.7% of ovarian tumors. They are benign serous ovarian tumors that display as cystic tumors with variable amounts of fibrous stroma. They can also be purely cystic with small foci of stroma detected microscopically. The margin tends to be well defined and smooth. Endocrine activity is not found. 

Fig. 10.4. Calcifications in ovarian cancer. Multiple plaquelike calcifications are demonstrated within a mixed solid and cystic bilateral ovarian tumor. They also cloak the peritoneal surface of the uterus (U). These small calcifications present psammoma bodies and are found in approximately 10% of serous ovarian adenocarcinomas in CT.B, bladder...

Patients with malignant tumors of the ovary and borderline tumors account for 21% and 4% of primary ovarian tumors, respectively [12], Among these, epithelial cancer constitutes for the vast majority with 85%. Serous epithelial and mucinous ovarian cancer account for the majority of epithelial ovarian cancers and present approximately 49% and 36% of all ovarian epithelial tumors, respectively [3], Endometrioid cell cancers account for 8%. The other cancers occur with equal frequency of 2% [3],... 

The clinical implications of both amplification and loss in tumors have been studied. In a study of 29 Dukes C colorectal cancer patients, those with tumors that had two or more chromosomal regions of gain or loss had significantly better prognosis than patients with less (p = 0.02) (21). Loss of chromosome 5q and lack of 8q amplification in serous ovarian cancer n = 96) is associated with improved prognosis (5-year survival of 75% versus 0% with no loss on 5q and amplification on 8q p = 0.0007) (22). In childhood ALL the amplification of specific chromosomes, chromosome regions, and genes has been associated with chemotherapy resistance and clinical outcome (23,24). 

Davidson, B., Berner, A., Nesland, J. M., Risberg, B., Kristensen, G. B., Trope, C. G., and Bryne, M. 2000. Carbohydrate antigen expression in primary tumors, metastatic lesions, and serous effusions from patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian carcinoma Evidence of up-regulated Tn and Sialyl Tn antigen expression in effusions. Hum. Pathol. 37 1081-1087. 

Federici, M. F., Kudryashov, V., Saigo, P. E., Finstad, C. L., and Llyod, K. O. 1999. Selection of carbohydrate antigens in human epithelial ovarian cancers as targets for immunotherapy Serous and mucinous tumor exhibit distinctive patterns of expression. Int. J. Cancer 87 193-198. 

Common in renal, endometrial, ovarian serous, salivary gland, follicular thyroid, and sarcomatoid (spindle cell) carcinomas, "basal-like" breast carcinomas, as well as in the epithelial and stromal components of malignant mixed mullerian tumors... 

Mesothelin is a 40-kD glycoprotein of unknown function that is strongly expressed in mesothelial cells, ovarian serous cells, and pancreatic-bile duct cells. Using monoclonal antibody 5B2, Ordonez found it to immu-nostain normal mesothelial cells, mesotheliomas, non-mucinous ovarian carcinomas, and occasionally other neoplasms. Ordonez concluded that mesothelin staining could be used to diagnose mesotheliomas, although it was expressed in 14 of 14 ovarian carcinomas, 12 of 14 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, 7 of 12 desmoplastic small round cell tumors, and 9 of 9 synovial sarcomas. Therefore, this antibody should be interpreted carefully. 

D2-40, a clone of podoplanin, is a recently developed commercially available antibody directed against the M2A antigen, a 40,000-kD sialoglycoprotein associated with germ cells and lymphatic endothelium. Chu and colleagues evaluated 53 cases of mesothelioma, 28 cases of reactive pleural tissue, 30 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, 35 cases of renal cell carcinoma, 26 cases of ovarian serous carcinoma, 16 cases of invasive breast carcinoma, 11 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma, and 7 cases of urothelial carcinoma. The authors found D2-40 expression in 51 of 53 (96%) mesotheliomas, 27 of 28 (96%) reactive pleural tissues, and 17 of 26 (65%) ovarian serous carcinomas. They did not find D2-40 in the other tumors examined. The authors also observed that the neoplastic cells immunostained in a cell membrane distribution. 

Hwang H, Quermeville L, Yaziji H, et al. Wilms tumor gene product Sensitive and contextually specific marker of serous carcinoma of ovarian surface epithelial origin. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2004 12 122-126. 

Carano KS, Soslow RA. Immunophenotypic analysis of ovarian and testicular Mullerian papillary serous tumors. Mod Pathol. 1997 10 414. 

FIGURE 18.24 Many non-mucinous ovarian epithelial tumors, particularly serous tumors, exhibit positive staining for CA125. This microscopic serous carcinoma, found in a woman with a family history of ovarian cancer, illustrates the typical strong membranous staining pattern. 

---