Tumors Cystic

Cystic Wilm s tumor, cystic mesoblastic nephroma... 

Balg. m. skin bellows husk, pod, shell chaff (Med.) cyst follicle, -auszug, m. bellows extension, -frucbt, /. (Bot.) follicle, -ge-schwulst, n. (Med.) cystic tumor. 

As was the case with albumin, reports on clinical studies employing gelatin microspheres are limited and confined to Japan. Bleomycin, contained in a microsphere-in-oil formulation, was targeted to the lymph nodes for the treatment of infantile cystic hygroma, a benign tumor (143). Successful treatment was noted in all cases. 

First clinical human gene therapy trials with polyplexes were performed using cancer vaccines based on autologous patient tumor cells. These were modified ex vivo with interleukin-2 pDNA. To obtain high level transfection rates of patient s primary tumor cells, Tf-PLL/pDNA polyplexes linked with inactivated endosomolytic adenovirus particles were applied [221]. Polymer-based in vivo human gene transfer studies were performed with PEGylated PLL polyplexes, delivering CFTR pDNA to the airway epithelium of cystic fibrosis patients [222],... 

To date, cellular and gene therapy products submitted to FDA have included clinical studies indicated for bone marrow marking, cancer, cystic fibrosis, AIDS, and inborn errors of metabolism and infectious diseases. Of the current active INDs approximately 78% have been sponsored by individual investigators or academic institutions and 22% have also been industry sponsored. In addition to the variety of clinical indications the cell types have also been varied. Examples include tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and lymphocyte activated killer (LAK) cells, selected cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes, for example, stem cells, myoblasts, tumor cells and encapsulated cells (e.g., islet cells and adrenal chromaffin cells). 

Several gene therapies have received orphan drug designation these are treatments for cystic fibrosis, Gaucher disease, and metastatic brain tumor. 

In a carcinogenicity inhalation study, rats and mice were exposed to 9 ppm 6 hours/day, 1 day/week for 12 months 2 ppm 6 hours/day, 1 day/week for 18 months or 2 ppm 6 hours/ day, 2 days/week for 18 months. There was a significant increase in cystic kidney tumors in all exposed animals. Male mice were the most susceptible, with kidney tumors in 90% of exposed animals. Female rats showed an excess of malignant lymphomas. 

Extreme clinical examples of androgen excess include central precocious puberty, the adrenogenital syndromes, and androgen-secreting adrenal, ovarian, or testicular tumors. Less severe problems include idiopathic hirsutism, premenstrual syndrome, and severe cystic acne. 

Scapulohumeral periarthritis, periarthritis of hip, bursitis, tendinitis, synovitis, tenosynovitis, tarsalgia, metatarsalgia, epicondylitis, Du-puytren s contracture, Peyronie s disease, cystic tumors of aponeurosis or tendon (ganglia). 

In addition, the polymer-coated adenovirus particles were able to shield against antibody recognition. In another approach, the PEGylation of the adenovirus capsid protein prolonged transgene expression after systemic delivery of El-deleted adenovirus, and allowed partial readministration with native virus (50). Adenovirus has been explored as vector for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (51), for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (52), to deliver tumor suppressor genes for cancer treatment... 

Neoplastic disease Antilymphocytic effects Leukemias, lymphomas, nasal polyps, cystic tumors... 

Inoue, O., Shimabukura, H., Shingaki, Y., and Ibaraki, K., Our application of high porosity hydroxyapatite cubes for the treatment of non-cystic benign tumors. Bioceramics 5,411-418 (1992). 

Bassi C, Salvia R, Gumbs AA, Butturini G Falconi M, Pederzoli P, The value of standard serum tumor markers in differentiating mucinous from serous cystic tumors of the pancreas CEA, Ca 19-9, Ca 125, Ca 15-3, Langenbecks Arch. Surg., 387 281-285, 2002. 

Ovarian cancer patients with progressed disease often present with ascites/ peritoneal fluid. In some women, ovarian cysts are detected containing cystic fluid. The concentrations of suPAR in these body fluids were compared with those in serum made from peripheral blood and blood aspirated from the surface veins on the tumor in 77 patients admitted for surgery of ovarian tumors [21]. In this study, elevated levels of suPAR were measured in serum from peripheral blood and tumor blood in the patients with more advanced disease. However, the concentrations of suPAR in the body fluids were quite different, in serum the measured concentrations were between 46 and 98 pmol/liter, in ascites/peritoneal fluid concentrations were between 293 and 586 pmol/liter, and in cystic fluids the concentrations were even higher, that is 651-8468 pmol/liter. The concentrations of suPAR in cystic fluids clearly separated benign and malignant cysts with predictive values above 90%. The levels of suPAR in cystic fluids could therefore be used in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer patients. The suPAR in the cystic fluids was present both in intact and cleaved forms and at least some of the suPAR(I-III) was not occupied by uPA [21]. In another study, tumor tissue, serum, ascites, and urine from ovarian cancer patients were analyzed for their content of the different uPAR forms. Whereas all of tumor lysates, ascites, and urine contained uPAR(I-III) and uPAR(II-III), domain I was only present in urine samples. In serum, only intact suPAR was detected [82], The antibodies used for identification were mAb R3 (domain I) and mAb R2 (domain III). 

Retinoids in Dermatology 13-Qs-retinoic acid (isotretinoin, Accutane ) is used orally, and all-trans-retinoic acid (Tretinoin ) topically, for treatment of severely disfiguring cystic acne. Etretinate (the trimethoxyphenyl analog of retinoic acid) and tazarotene (a receptor-specific retinoid) are used topically for the treatment of psoriasis. They are effective in cases in which other therapy has failed, and at lower levels than are required for the control of tumor development in experimental animals, although they have heen associated with hirth defects (Section 2.5.1.1 fohnson and Chandrarama, 1999). 

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