Mesothelial cells

Gabrielson, E.W., Rosen, G.M., Grafstrom, R.C., Strauss, K.E. and Harris, C.C. (1986). Studies on the role of oxygen radicals in asbestos-induced cytopathology of cultured human lung mesothelial cells. Carcinogenesis 7, 1161-1164. 

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilizes similar principles as hemodialysis in that blood is exposed to a semipermeable membrane against which a physiologic solution is placed. In the case of PD, however, the semipermeable membrane is the peritoneal membrane, and a sterile dialysate is instilled into the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneal membrane is composed of a continuous single layer of mesothelial cells that covers the abdominal and pelvic walls on one side of the peritoneal cavity, and the visceral organs, including the GI tract, liver, spleen, and diaphragm on the other side. The mesothelial cells are covered by microvilli that increase the surface area of the peritoneal membrane to approximate body surface area (1 to 2 m2). 

Kuwahara M. Involvement of Rho and tyrosine kinase in angiotensin Il-induced actin reorganization in mesothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2002 436(l-2) 15-21. 

Cultured human mesothelial cells were sensitive to CNT exposure. Both SWNTs with a high content of nickel [85] and MWNTs characterized by low metal contamina-... 

Pacurari, M. et al. (2008) Raw single-wall carbon nanotubes induce oxidative stress and activate MAPKs, AP-1, NF-kappa B, and Akt in normal and malignant human mesothelial cells. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116 (9), 1211-1217. 

Neuss and coworkers have reported the possibility of SMPs using PCL dimethacrylate copolymers as cellular scaffold for tissue engineering. Behaviors of different cells from three different species (human mesenchymal stem cells, human mesothelial cells, and rat mesothelial cells) on the matrices were investigated, and the differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells on the matrices was also analyzed [329]. The SMPs proved biocompatibility for all tested cell types, supporting viability and proliferation. The SMPs also supported the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells 3 weeks after induction. 

Ayres JG, Crocker JG, Skilbeck NQ (1988) Differentiation of malignant from normal and reactive mesothelial cells by the argyrophil technique for nucleolar organiser region associated proteins. Thorax 43 366-370... 

Bocchetta, M., I. Di Resta, A. Powers, R. Fresco, A. Tosolini, J. R. Testa, H. I. Pass, P. Rizzo, and M. Carbone. 2000. Human mesothelial cells are unusually susceptible to simian virus 40-mediated transformation and asbestos cocarcinogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(18) 10214—9. 

The pleural tissue is a typical connective tissue that consists mostly of matrix the fibrous proteins (collagen, elastin), and mucopolysaccharides, and a few scattered mesothelial cells, capillaries, venules, and ducts. Anatomists have defined several layers (Fig. 3.4) for each of the pleura. Layers 3 and 5 in Fig. 3.4 contain an abundance of fibrous protein, especially elastin. Both the interstitial (Layer 4) and mesothelial (1 and 2) layers contain capillaries of the vascular system and lymphatic channels. The matrix (ground substance) gives the pleura structural integrity and is responsible for its mechanical properties such as elasticity and distensibility. 

The tissues of the pleura are considered to be relatively inert, functioning mainly as support structures or frameworks for the ducts and capillaries. The mesothelial cells in these tissues are sparse and their metabolic activities, especially as producers of fibrous proteins required to maintain healthy tissue, have not been fully explored. The mechanisms that lead to increased protein production (i.e., plaque formation) remain under study. 

Variations on the filter-based assay have been designed to approximate more physiological contexts. Such assays include tumor cell invasion across a confluent cell monolayer (e.g., endothelial cells (EC) as a surrogate for intravasation or extravasation during hematogenous metastasis (24)) and ovarian carcinoma invasion of mesothelial cell monolayers (25). Additionally, 1 mm thick slices of human brain tissue have been used as a tissue barrier on Transwell filters with invasion of GFP-labeled glioma cells measured by confocal microscopy (26). 

Alhamdani, M. S. S., Al-Kassir, A. H. A. M., Abbas, F. K. H., Jaleel, N. A., and Al-Taee, M. F. (2007a). Antiglycating and antioxidant effect of carnosine against glucose degradation products in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Nephron Clin. Prad. 107, 26-34. 

Elastogenesis occurs primarily during late fetal and early neonatal periods. Elastin is synthesized and secreted from several cell types including smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, chondroblasts, and mesothelial cells (Uitto et al, 1991) with tissue-specific induction of elastin expression during development (Swee et al, 1995). After elastin has been deposited, its synthesis ceases and very little turnover of elastin is seen during adult life, unless the elastic fibers are subject to injury. In this case,... 

De Vriese AS, Tilton RG, Mortier S, Lameire NH. 2006. Myofibroblast transdifferentiation of mesothelial cells is mediated by rage and contributes to peritoneal fibrosis in uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 

The Mesothelial Cell and Mesothelioma, edited by M.-C. Jaurand and J. Bignon... 

Rheinwald JG (1989), Methods for clonal growth and serial cultivation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mesothelial cells, In Baserga R (Ed.), Cell Growth and Division A Practical Approach, IRL Press, Oxford, pp. 81-94. 

Urine samples from six workers working in chromium plating factories were tested for the induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in pleural mesothelial cells (Pilliere et al. 1992). The mean chromium concentration in the urine samples was 11.7 8.8 pg/L. The urine from five of the workers showed a significant elevated in UDS over control subjects who were nonsmokers, with a trend toward increasing amounts of urine being tested. However, there was no correlation between UDS and chromium concentrations in urine. 

Pilliere F, Levy F, Renier A, et al. 1992. Induction of DNA-repair synthesis (UDS) in rat pleural mesothelial cells by urine of subjects exposed to genotoxic agents. Clin Toxicol 30(2) 223-238. 

Peritoneum Mesothelial cells Protects stomach organs... 

Pleura Mesothelial cells Protects chest organs... 

The pleura and peritoneum are composed of a thin mesothelial cell lining that rests on a basement membrane and a thin layer of connective tissue that contains endothelium and smooth muscle cells (peritoneum) and fibroblasts (Figure 3.6). These cell linings are continuous with internal tissues that he beneath and also contract when the tension is released but not as much as cornea or skin. 

Figure 3.6. Structure of peritoneum and pleura. The peritoneum and pleura contain a thin mesothelial cell lining, a basement membrane, connective tissue, and smooth muscle cells.

Bik release also occurs when Ial heavy chains are covalently transferred to hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix [23], This is a major component of cumulus cell-oocyte during fertilization and fibroblasts and mesothelial cells during inflammation. The heavy chains coupled to hyaluronan molecules bind to the cell surface through association with the hyaluronan receptor (CD44). The tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) enhances the association of hyaluronan-linked heavy chains with CD44 and increases the release of free Bik [24, 25]. 

FcRn binding is not affected by carbohydrate residues on IgG [130], Last, at the time of this review there is no information regarding FcRn expression on surface lining cells (e.g., mesothelial cells, meningeal cells, or synoviocytes) available in the literature. Passive (nontranscytotic) mesothelial cell transport of IgG is discussed further below. 

In epithelium, cytosolic or non-receptor-mediated transport is inefficient and often leads to lysosomal degradation of the macromolecule [109], However, macromolecules, including IgG, are readily transported across the mesothelial surface of the peritoneum. The mesothelial lining cells are flat cells with pino-cytotic vesicles but no caveolae comparable to endothelial cells [193], Gap junctions separate interdigitated peritoneal mesothelial cells. IgG transport is known to be bi-directional and passive in rats [194-198] and also occurs in chronic peritoneal dialysis in humans [199],... 

There was no information regarding FcRn expression on mesothelial cells, meningeal cells, or synoviocytes available in the literature. 

Human mesothelial cells Chromosomal aberrations No data + Olofsson and Mark 1989 CR, CH, AM... 

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