Oleic acid ethyl ester

The following German patents have also been taken out for alipliatic acid mercurials Ibid, 246207, behenolic acid esters, stearolio acid ester. Ibid, 264267, aryl hydroxy fatty acids. Ibid, 279199, aminometiiane disulphonic acid. Ibid., 228877, oleic acid ethyl ester, triolein. Ibid., 387850 American Patent, 1457675 diethyl diallylmalonate, diallyb barbituric acid, ethyl dialiylacetate, diethjri o-phenylenediacrylate, diplienio acid and ethyl diphenylamine-2-ca.rboxylate. 

Oleic acid, ethyl ester, mercuration of, 68, 1-Oxalato-di-mercurimethyH 2-dihydrobenzofurane, 217. 

Ethyl 9-octadecenoate Kessco EO oleic acid, ethyl ester. 

Synonyms Oleic acid ethyl ester (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester Source Liong, K. Foster. N. Ting, S. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (1992), 31(1), 400-404. 

Experimental Diets. The three experimental diets used were based on the AIN-93 (35) formulation with several modifications to obtain the extremely low n-3 fatty acid level required in this study (Table 1). The custom-pelleted diets were obtained commercially and employed a cold pelleting process to preserve unsaturated fats (Dyets, Bethlehem, PA). The dependent variable in the two artificially reared groups was the substitution of a-linolenic acid ethyl ester for oleic acid ethyl ester in the n-3 Adq diet. The maternal diet contained a fatty acid composition similar to that of the n-3 Adq diet but made up with a mixture of safflower and flax oils due to the greater quantity of diet to be consumed. All three diets contained 10 wt% fat and had a similar Unoleic acid content. The rats were fed these diets until they were sacrificed. 

C -Oleic acid ethyl ester, synthesized in this way, was gas chromato-graphically pure (Fig. 11). Iodine number (28) C20H40O2, calculated 81.6, found 80 specific activity 396,000 dpm/mg. The ester contained... 

Acetic acid, butyl ester Acetic acid, pentyl ester Acetic acid, decyl ester Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, 1-cyclohexenyl ester Acetic acid, 3-cyclohexenyl ester Butyric acid, benzyl ester Phenylacetic acid, propyl ester Oleic acid, methyl ester Linoleic acid, methyl ester Linolenic acid, methyl ester Adipic acid, methyl ester Adipic acid, ethyl ester Adipic acid, diethyl ester Adipic acid, dipropyl ester Adipic acid, (methylethyl)ester Adipic acid,... 

For example, an isozyme of glutathione-S-transferase will also catalyze the fatty acid ethyl-ester synthase reaction, leading to the formation of ethyloleate from oleic acid and ethanol (Bora et al. 1989). Also, phospholipase D catalyzes the transphosphatidylation of phosphatidylcholine with ethanol to form phosphatidylethanol (Kobayashi and Kanfer 1987). The active site requirements and kinetics of the hydrolases or transferases that catalyze these ethylation reactions are not well understood. The elucidation of mechanisms and active site structures for enzyme-catalyzed... 

The concentration of CLA in plasma lipids is determined by bioavailability from the gut, and subsequent partitioning between p-oxidation, incorporation into tissue lipids, secretion from the gut and liver, and turnover within the plasma compartment. There is only limited information available about the metabolic fate of CLA in humans. Using deuterated fatty acid ethyl esters, Emken et al. (2002) showed that the bioavailability of cis-9,tram- CLA and trans- 0,cis- 2 CLA after a bolus was lower than that of oleic acid. However, since the fatty acids were not ingested as TAG any effect of the conjugated double bonds... 

Synonyms Ethyl 9-octadecenoate 9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester Definition Ester of ethyl alcohol and oleic acid Empiricifi CjoHj Oj... 

Completely negative results on the formation of liver glycogen were obtained when the sodium salts of caproic or caprylic acid61 60 were fed, as well as after the administration of the ethyl esters of caproic, caprylic, capric, myristic or oleic acids or methyl laurate.81 Caproic acid was found to be ineffective as a D-glucose-former in the phlorizinized dog.89... 

Elaidic acid (m.p., 41-43°), prepared by nitrogen oxides elaidiniza-tion of oleic acid, gave an ethyl ester (m.p., 3-5°C. nD25, 1.4476). 

In another investigation, the volatile compounds were isolated [19] using a Porapack Q trap by vacuum for 2 h and were then eluted with hexane. The esters were the chemical class of compounds that predominated in the samples among 21 volatile compounds detected. Ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutano-ate, 1-butanol, ethyl hexanoate, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethyl octanoate, acetic acid, linalool, palmitic acid, and oleic acid were identified in cupuacu pulp by solid-phase extracton [15]. 

Fatty-acids, salts and esters Aluminum monostearate, calcium stearate, ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, magnesium stearate, oleic acid, polyoxyl 40 stearate, proprionic acid, sodium stearate, stearic acid, purified stearic acid, and zinc stearate... 

Ethyl oleate is described in the EfSPNE 23 as consisting of esters of ethyl alcohol and high molecular weight fatty acids, principally oleic acid. A suitable antioxidant may be included. 

Ethylcellulose is compatible with the following plasticizers dibutyl phthalate diethyl phthalate dibutyl sebacate triethyl citrate tributyl citrate acetylated monoglyceride acetyl tributyl citrate triacetin dimethyl phthalate benzyl benzoate butyl and glycol esters of fatty acids refined mineral oils oleic acid stearic acid ethyl alcohol stearyl alcohol castor oil corn oil and camphor. 

The stability of oils is very important in pharmaceuticals since nonpolar drugs (for example, contraceptive steroids and neuroleptic tranquillisers) are often formulated in oily injection vehicles for intramuscular or depot injection. Injections of this type can be given, for example, once a month, and the drug exerts its pharmacological effect as it leaches out of the injection site into the bloodstream. Oils used as injection vehicles include arachis oil, from the peanut plant, olive oil, castor oil and ethyl oleate, the ethyl ester of the 18-carbon fatty acid oleic acid (Figure 8.16). 

In addition to the hydrolysis of cocaine, the purified human liver cocaine methyl ester hydrolase also catalyzed the ethyl transesterification of cocaine with ethanol to form cocaethylene and methanol as shown in figure 1 (Dean et al. 1991 Brzezinski et al. 1994). Both the hydrolytic and the ethyl transesterification reactions increased as the two activities were analyzed in protein fractions obtained during the enzyme purifi-cation by column chromatography. This suggests that the separate activities are catalyzed by the same enzyme. The Km values for cocaine and ethanol of the purified enzyme at pH 7.3 were 116 M and 43 mM, respectively. The carboxylesterase also catalyzes the formation of ethyloleate from oleic acid and ethanol (Tsujita and Okuda 1992 Brzezinski et al. 1994). Other hydrolases or ester transferases have been reported to catalyze similar substrate "ethylation" reactions. 

A very different type of reaction is represented by the conjugation of xenobiotic alcohols with fatty acids, yielding highly lipophilic metabolites accumulating in tissues. Thus, ethanol and haloethanols form esters with palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and lin-olenic acid enzymes catalyzing such reactions are cholesteryl ester synthase (EC 3.1.1.13) and fatty-acyl-ethyl-ester synthase (EC 3.1.1.67) (71). Larger xenobiotics such as tet-rahydrocannabinols and codeine are also acy-... 

A membrane cell recycle reactor with continuous ethanol extraction by dibutyl phthalate increased the productivity fourfold with increased conversion of glucose from 45 to 91%.249 The ethanol was then removed from the dibutyl phthalate with water. It would be better to do this second step with a membrane. In another process, microencapsulated yeast converted glucose to ethanol, which was removed by an oleic acid phase containing a lipase that formed ethyl oleate.250 This could be used as biodiesel fuel. Continuous ultrafiltration has been used to separate the propionic acid produced from glycerol by a Propionibacterium.251 Whey proteins have been hydrolyzed enzymatically and continuously in an ultrafiltration reactor, with improved yields, productivity, and elimination of peptide coproducts.252 Continuous hydrolysis of a starch slurry has been carried out with a-amylase immobilized in a hollow fiber reactor.253 Oils have been hydrolyzed by a lipase immobilized on an aromatic polyamide ultrafiltration membrane with continuous separation of one product through the membrane to shift the equilibrium toward the desired products.254 Such a process could supplant the current energy-intensive industrial one that takes 3-24 h at 150-260X. Lipases have also been used to prepare esters. A lipase-surfactant complex in hexane was used to prepare a wax ester found in whale oil, by the esterification of 1 hexadecanol with palmitic acid in a membrane reactor.255 After 1 h, the yield was 96%. The current industrial process runs at 250°C for up to 20 h. 

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