Fatty acid molecular-weight

Franklin s teaspoon of oil (assuming a density 0.9 g/mL and average fatty-acid molecular weight 280 g/mol) would contain 10+22 fatty-acid tails. The half-acre pond surface covered by the oil, 2000 m2, is about 2 x 10+23 A2. So, each tail would be expected to occupy about 20 A2, assuming that a single monolayer (25 A calculated thickness) of oil formed on the surface of the pond. 

Oleic Fatty Acid Molecular Weight 282 Thus, the formula for caustic treatment is ... 

Acceleration of epoxy cures by carboxylic acids is frequently accomplished by addition of a base catalyst. Cure of epoxy resins by polymeric fatty acids (molecular weight 500-900) has been accelerated by the formation of fatty acid/melamine soaps (53). DGEBA-resin-based adhesives have also been cured with piperazine/polycarboxylic acid (e.g., succinic acid) salts (54). These adhesives showed rapid heat cures (23 min at 120°C) and good room temperature latency (shelf life of 60-65 days). The rate of cure in these adhesives was faster than comparable adhesives having dicy... 

The major component of cranberry seed extracted via either pure CO2 or hexane was linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid) as determined by total ion chromatogram and selected ion chromatogram with an internal standard. The broad intense linoleic acid chromatographic peak is believed to be a mixture of positional isomers of the CI8 2 fatty acid such as 9,12-octadienoic acid 8,11-octadienoic acid, 5,7-octadienoic acid, and 9,11-octadienoic acid. Two other Cl8 fatty acids were identified oleic acid and linolenic acid. The extracted ion of mass 297 0.5 seen at retention time 44.30 min corresponded to oleic acid (molecular weight = 296.5, match quality = 91%). The extracted ion of mass 293 +,0.5 seen at retention time 44.32 min corresponded to linolenic acid (molecular weight = 292.46, match quality = 99%). 

Name given to synthetic, thermosetting resins processed from polyhydric alcohols and polybasic acid or anhydrides. These unsaturated polyesters are prepared by esterification of a polyfunctional alcohol (e.g., glycerin) with phthalic anhydride in combination with fatty acids or rosin acids (molecular weight about 2,000 to 5,000). These resins are frequently modified by incorporation of, e.g., nitrocellulose, NC, or phenolics. AUcyds are used mainly as lacquers. 

Aldehydes fiad the most widespread use as chemical iatermediates. The production of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde as precursors of the corresponding alcohols and acids are examples. The aldehydes of low molecular weight are also condensed in an aldol reaction to form derivatives which are important intermediates for the plasticizer industry (see Plasticizers). As mentioned earlier, 2-ethylhexanol, produced from butyraldehyde, is used in the manufacture of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [117-87-7]. Aldehydes are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of solvents (alcohols and ethers), resins, and dyes. Isobutyraldehyde is used as an intermediate for production of primary solvents and mbber antioxidants (see Antioxidaisits). Fatty aldehydes Cg—used in nearly all perfume types and aromas (see Perfumes). Polymers and copolymers of aldehydes exist and are of commercial significance. 

Substances other than enzymes can be immobilized. Examples include the fixing of heparin on polytetrafluoroethylene with the aid of PEI (424), the controUed release of pesticides which are bound to PEI (425), and the inhibition of herbicide suspensions by addition of PEI (426). The uptake of anionic dyes by fabric or paper is improved if the paper is first catonized with PEI (427). In addition, PEI is able to absorb odorizing substances such as fatty acids and aldehydes. Because of its high molecular weight, PEI can be used in cosmetics and body care products, as weU as in industrial elimination of odors, such as the improvement of ambient air quaHty in sewage treatment plants (428). 

Fatty Acid Process. When free fatty acids are used instead of oil as the starting component, the alcoholysis step is avoided. AH of the ingredients can therefore be charged into the reactor to start a batch. The reactants are heated together, under agitation and an inert gas blanket, until the desired endpoint is reached. Alkyds prepared by the fatty acid process have narrower molecular weight distribution and give films with better dynamic mechanical properties (34). 

Aluminum salts of carboxylic acids, aluminum carboxylates, may occur as aluminum tricarboxylates (normal aluminum carboxylates), Al(OOCR)2 monohydroxy (monobasic) aluminum dicarboxylates, (RCOO)2Al(OH) and dihydroxy (dibasic) aluminum monocarboxylates, RCOOAl(OH)2. Aluminum carboxylates are used in three general areas textiles, gelling, and pharmaceuticals. Derivatives of low molecular weight carboxyUc acids have been mainly associated with textile appHcations those of fatty carboxyUc acids are associated with gelling salts and more complex carboxylates find appHcations in pharmaceuticals. 

Aluminum Salts of Higher Molecular Weight Fatty Acids... 

Vatty Acids andFattyAcidLsters. Sulfolane exhibits selective solvency for fatty acids and fatty acid esters which depends on the molecular weight and degree of fatty acid unsaturation (40—42). AppHcations for this process are enriching the unsaturation level in animal and vegetable fatty oHs to provide products with better properties for use in paint, synthetic resins, food products, plastics, and soaps. 

In addition to copolymerisation, polyethylenes terrninated as ketones, alcohols, and carboxyHc acids with molecular weights as high as 700 daltons are now available. The products offer the same chemical functionaHty as common fatty alcohols and acids, but are higher melting and harder. Similar to the fatty alcohols and acids, derivatives such as ethoxylates, esters, and amides also are available as higher melting versions of the fatty derivatives. 

Functional polyethylene waxes provide both the physical properties obtained by the high molecular weight polyethylene wax and the chemical properties of an oxidised product, or one derived from a fatty alcohol or acid. The functional groups improve adhesion to polar substrates, compatibHity with polar materials, and dispersibHity into water. Uses include additives for inks and coatings, pigment dispersions, plastics, cosmetics, toners, and adhesives. 

Properties are furthermore determined by the nature of the organic acid, the type of metal and its concentration, the presence of solvent and additives, and the method of manufacture. Higher melting points are characteristics of soaps made of high molecular-weight, straight-chain, saturated fatty acids. Branched-chain unsaturated fatty acids form soaps with lower melting points. Table 1 Hsts the properties of some soHd metal soaps. 

Direct Metal Reaction. The DMR process is carried out over a catalyst with fatty acids ia a melted state or dissolved ia hydrocarbons. The acid reacts directiy with the metal, suppHed ia a finely divided state, produciag the metal soap and ia some cases hydrogen. Catalysts iaclude water, aUphatic alcohols, and low molecular-weight organic acids. 

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