Patent American

What Every Chemist Should Know about Patents American Chemical Society Washington, DC 1997, p. 11. 

Committee on Patents and Related Matters What Every Chemist Should Know About Patents, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC,... 

STN Patent Basics, American Chemical Sodety, Washington DC, 2001. 

Mitsui Toatsu Chemical, Inc. disclosed a similar process usiag Raney copper (74) shortiy after the discovery at Dow, and BASF came out with a variation of the copper catalyst ia 1974 (75). Siace 1971 several hundred patents have shown modifications and improvements to this technology, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, and reviews of these processes have been pubHshed (76). Nalco Chemical Company has patented a process based essentially on Raney copper catalyst (77) ia both slurry and fixed-bed reactors and produces acrylamide monomer mainly for internal uses. Other producers ia Europe, besides Dow and American Cyanamid, iaclude AUied CoUoids and Stockhausen, who are beheved to use processes similar to the Raney copper technology of Mitsui Toatsu, and all have captive uses. Acrylamide is also produced ia large quantities ia Japan. Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi are the largest producers, and both are beheved to use Raney copper catalysts ia a fixed bed reactor and to sell iato the merchant market. 

Other patents (81,82) coveted the preparation of cellulose solutions using NMMO and speculated about their use as dialysis membranes, food casings (sausage skins), fibers, films, paper coatings, and nonwoven binders. NMMO emerged as the best of the amine oxides, and its commercial potential was demonstrated by American Enka (83,84). Others (85) have studied the cellulose-NMMO system in depth one paper indicates that further strength increases can be obtained by adding ammonium chloride or calcium chloride to the dope (86). 

A process variation of the extraction of 2-isopropylnaphthalene hydroperoxide from the cmde oxidation product with an alkylene glycol has been patented (71). The 2-naphthalenol plant of American Cyanamid, which was using the hydroperoxidation process and had a 14 x 10 t /yr capacity (72), ceased production in 1982, leaving the United States without a domestic producer of 2-naphthol. The 2-naphthol capacity in the Western world is approximately 50 x 10 t/yr, with ACNA, Italy and Hoechst AG, Germany operating the largest plants. China produces about 7 x 10 t/yr. Other important producing countries are Poland, Romania, the former Czechoslovakia, and India (35,52). 

APIPAT DIALOG, STN American Petroleum Institute international, petroleum, petrochemical limited bibhographic data comprehensive English language abstracts of basic patents concepts and chemical stmcture coding for subscribers... 

Chemical Abstracts Service. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), a division of the American Chemical Society, has produced Chemical Abstracts (CA) since 1907. Since the demise of Chemisches Zentralblatt and British Chemical Abstracts CA has been the preeminent medium for documenting new pubhcations in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering. CA documents chemical pubHcations of all types. It is not a patent database per se, but its patent component is larger than most databases devoted entirely to patents. Thus, for example, the number of patent references in CA for the years 1991—1993 ranged from 95,500—99,400 per year. 

J. Maynard and H. Peters, Understanding Chemical Patents, 2nd ed., American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1991. 

The induction furnace was first patented in Italy in 1877 as a low frequency furnace. It was first commercially appHed, installed, and operated in Sweden. The first installation in the United States was made in 1914 by the American Iron and Steel Company in Lebanon, Pennsylvania however, it was not successhil. Other low frequency furnaces have been operated successhiUy, especially for stainless steel. 

The seminal work on these materials began at American Cyanamid Co. in the 1960s (4,23), though these workers did not author the ion-insertion/extraction model that has become widely accepted (5). Numerous patents were granted to American Cyanamid Co. as a result of its display-oriented work. Much of what others have written in the open Hterature either confirms or adds to what these teach. Important papers (16) about... 

Schultz, W., Sieger, G.M. and Krieger,C. British Patent 1,442,925 July 14, 1976 assigned to American Cyanamid Company. 

Koch,T. U.S. Patent 2,453,234 November 9,1948, assigned to American Enka Corporation... 

Grant, N.H. and Alburn, H.E. U.S, Patent 3,144,445 August 11, 1964 assigned to American Home Products Corporation... 

Cassell, R.T. and Kushner, S. U.S. Patent 2,569,288 September 25,1951 assigned to American Cyanamid Company... 

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