Reactions ethyl

The ketones are readily prepared, for example, acetophenone from benzene, acetyl chloride (or acetic anhydride) and aluminium chloride by the Friedel and Crafts reaction ethyl benzyl ketones by passing a mixture of phenylacetic acid and propionic acid over thoria at 450° and n-propyl- p-phenylethylketone by circulating a mixture of hydrocinnamic acid and n-butyric acid over thoria (for further details, see under Aromatic Ketones, Sections IV,136, IV,137 and IV,141). 

In an extension of the work described m the preceding section Bender showed that basic ester hydrolysis was not concerted and like acid hydrolysis took place by way of a tetrahedral intermediate The nature of the experiment was the same and the results were similar to those observed m the acid catalyzed reaction Ethyl benzoate enriched m 0 at the carbonyl oxygen was subjected to hydrolysis m base and samples were isolated before saponification was complete The recovered ethyl benzoate was found to have lost a por tion of Its isotopic label consistent with the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate... 

In the presence of Eriedel-Crafts catalysts, gaseous ethyl chloride reacts with ben2ene at about 25°C to give ethylben2ene, three diethylben2enes, and other more complex compounds (12) (see Xylenes and ethylbenzene). Aromatic compounds can generally be ethylated by ethyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride (see Eriedel-Crafts REACTIONS). Ethyl chloride combines directly with sulfur trioxide to give ethyl chlorosulfonate,... 

Cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers are generally useful as precursors of ctir-bonyl anion equivalents and as protected forms of aldehydes. Direct conversion of p-anisaldehyde into 0-TRIMETHYLSILYL-4-METH0XYMANDEL0-NITRILE employs a convenient in situ generation of trimethylsilyl cyanide from chlorotnmethylsilane A general synthesis of allemc esters is a variant of the Wittig reaction. Ethyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate converts pro-pionyl chloride into ETHYL 2,3-PENTADlENOATE. 

High vacuum sublimation of the 3-monobenzoate of (32) or tosylchloride dehydration gives 3/ -benzoyloxy-7-methylenecholest-5-ene (33). The configuration of (32) is probably as shown since 7a-hydroxy steroids dehydrate readily to yield homoannular dienes. In an analogous reaction ethyl and iso-butyl Grignard reagents give alkylidene compounds as the only isolated products. 

We can use these bromine compounds to illustrate one kind of organic reaction. Ethyl bromide is not particularly reactive but it does react with bases such as NaOH or NH3. If we mix ethyl bromide and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and heat the mixture for an hour or so, we find that sodium bromide and ethanol are formed. 

In each reaction ethyl acetoacetate 51 a was used as one of the components of the Hantzsch synthesis, whereas the second 1,3-dicarbonyl compound 51 (or 53) and the aldehydes 50 were used in all possible combinations (one unique combination per... 

In a similar tandem reaction, ethyl 2-azido-l-methyl-l/7-indole3-carboxylate 364 is converted to indolo[3,2- ]l,2,3-triazolo[l,5- ]pyrimidin-5-ones 366 via triazole intermediates 365 that are not separated (Scheme 58). Products 366 are obtained in 80-90% yield as potential intercalates of DNA <2003H(60)2669>. 

A typical probe molecule for enantioselective hydrogenation reactions (ethyl pym-vate) was chosen to test the performance of the chiral organometalUc catalysts prepared by SOMC/M techniques. 

In addition to metal catalysts, organocatalysts could also be used in asymmetric cyanation reactions. Chiral Lewis bases, modified cinchona alkaloids, catalyzed asymmetric cyanation of ketones by using ethyl cyanoformate as the cyanide source (Scheme 5.34)." Similar to metal-catalyzed reactions, ethyl cyanoformate was first activated by chiral Lewis bases to form active nucleophiles. Various acyclic and cyclic dialkyl ketones were transformed into the desired products. Because of using... 

Reactions Ethyl- benzene Styrene Phenyl- acetylene... 

Haloform Reaction. Ethyl alcohol reacts with sodium hypochlorite to give chloroform [67-66-3] (haloform reaction). 

In a similar reaction, ethyl or-TMS-acetate (185) and a-TMS-acetonitrile (248) plus benzaldehyde (241) affords ethyl 2-phenyl-2-trimethylsiloxy-propionate (247) and 2-phenyl-2-trimethylsiloxy-propionitrile (249), respectively166. ... 

The hydrolytic condensation of ethylethoxysilanes occurs in the excess of water and in the presence of sulfuric acid, which is a catalyst and a reactant that interacts with the by-product of Grignard reaction, ethyl magnesium chloride, to form magnesium chloride and ethyl alcohol. The process proceeds thus ... 

Aliphatic a,/3-unsaturated esters undergo the hydroformylation reaction. Ethyl acrylate, ethyl crotonate, and diethyl fumarate react as shown in Equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. 

Figure 4 examples of products obtained by aldehyde-induced reactions ethyl-linked catechin dimer (1), ethyl-linked catechin-malvidin-3-glucoside adduct (2), ethanoic acid-linked catechin-dimer (3)... 

REDUCTIVE DEOXYGENATION OF ALCOHOLS AND KETONES N,N,N ,N -Tctramethyldiamldophosphorochloridate. REFORMATSKY REACTION Ethyl Ui-chloroacetate. Lithium diisopropylamide. REVERSE WITTIG REACTION Triphenyl-aisine oxide. 

Methyl chloroformate in which there are no -hydrogen atoms decomposes only via the substitution reaction . Ethyl chloroformate also decomposes mainly via the substitution reaction , although ethylene formation has been reported at elevated temperatures . Lewis et al have shown that the gas phase decomposition of optically active 2-butyl chloroformate yields 2-chlorobutane with retention of configuration. Retention of configuration has also been demonstrated for the pure liquid , but in ionising solvents inversion can occur , indicating that in such solutions the reaction is partly bimolecular. 

In a related reaction, ethyl cyanoacetate is the source of the cyano(ethoxycarbonyl)methylene unit which is transferred to alkenes by a radical mechanism, e.g. synthesis of 3. This transformation is mediated by copper(II) chloride or acetate, accompanied by lithium chloride. Synthesis of diethyl cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates from diethyl malonate and alkenes is much less efficient. ... 

Cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid (30a) reacted with hydrobromic acid to (2-bro-moethyl)malonic acid (31a) . In a similar reaction, ethyl 1-acetylcyclopropane-l-carboxylate (31b) ( C enriched) was converted to 5-bromopentan-2-one upon treatment with hydrobromic acid and decarboxylation." In 2-benzoyl-3-phenylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid (31c), two different activating functions are present and can influence the addition of hydrogen bromide. In fact, products arising from the cleavage of either bond that link the phenyl-substituted carbon were isolated. Both primary products had lost hydrogen bromide and carbon dioxide. 

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