Hollow-fiber

Organoclay materials with higher-order organization can also be prepared by template-directed methods involving self-assembled supramolecular structures. In this approach, preformed organic architectures in the form of tubes, fibers, hollow shells, gyroids, helicoids, and so on are transferred into hybrid materials exhibiting structural hierarchy, complex form and ordered mesoporosity [47-55]. For example,... 

Control of the regeneration conditions, together with a wide variety of modification, allows the production of a wide variety of products including high-wet modulus fibers, hollow fibers, crimped fibers, and flame-resistant fibers. While almost all rayon is produced using the... 

Flat-sheet membranes -compared to hollow fibers [HOLLOW-FIBERMEMBRANES] (Vol 13)... 

Regeneration -hollow fibers [HOLLOW-FIBERMEMBRANES] (Vol 13) -of catalysts [CATALYSIS] (Vol 5) -of noble metal catalysts [CATALYSTS - REGENERATION - NOBLE METAL AND BASE METAL CATALYSTS] (Vol 5) -of nonferrous metals [RECYCLING - METALS - NONFERROUS METALS] (Vol 20)... 

The diameter of hollow fibers varies over a wide range, from 50 to 3000 xm. Fibers can be made with a uniformly dense structure, but preferably are formed as a microporous structure having a dense selective layer on either the outside or the inside surface. The dense surface layer can be either integral with the fiber or a separate layer coated onto the porous support fiber. Many fibers must be packed into bundles and potted into tubes to form a membrane module modules with a surface area of even a few square meters require many kilometers of fibers. Because a module must contain no broken or defective fibers, hollow fiber production requires high reproducibility and stringent quality control. 

Titanium Dioxide Hollow Fibers. Hollow fibers of titanium dioxide can be manufactured by preparing a solution of a tetraalkyl titanate, an acid such as HC1, and an alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol, followed by spinning and drying the resultant fiber (573). 

Hollow Fiber. Hollow-hbers are open channel products however, due to their small fiber diameters, they do not require the high-energy consumption of tubular membrane products. Hollow fibers are self-supported they do not require additional support substrates like flat sheet membranes do. Figure 14.6 shows a schematic of a hoUow-fiber module. 

Millenium Millenium Decking ESR-1603 6/1/2006 Wood fiber Hollow... 

Fiber, hollow fiber Membranes, heat exchangers, micro tools, active fiber composites, micro-reactors, fibers for functional or stmc-tural applications... 

Perusal of the published literature on the topic of extrusion shows that a wide variety of thermoplastic binder systems have been used for the fabrication of fiber, hollow fiber, tube, sheet and honeycomb structures made of ceramic materials. Generally speaking, for thermoplastic extrusion to be successful, it is necessary that the binder system used consists of a major and a minor binder component, a plasticizer and a surfactant to ensure a good wetting of the ceramic powder. 

When considering the listed advantages and disadvantages together it is clear that thermoplastic binder systems are particularly suited for the fabrication of thin structures and micro-system components. All the different cases which were considered above dealt with such fine structures (fibers, hollow fibers, thin wall tubes, thin sheets) where it has been shown in the past, that the debinding process is not so critical because of the relatively small process path-lengths involved. 

Types aluminum fiber, aluminum hydroxide, antimony trioxide, calcium caibonate, carbon black, carbon fiber, hollow glass beads, kaolin, magnesinm hydroxide, mica, sand, silica, silica carbide, talc, waste leather particles, wollastonite, wood fiber, wood flour, zeolite... 

Fiber, hollow These plastic fibers can produce high bulk, low-density fabrics. Other fiber configurations can be produced such as trilobal cross section. Annular dies are used to produce the desired hollow cross section shape. Fiber spinning methods used are (1) wet from a plastic solution into a liquid coagulant, (2) dry firom a plastic solution in a volatile solvent with an evaporative column, and (3) conventional melt systems. 

Poly(benzimidazoles) are speciality polymers that have found only a few civilian applications outside the military area and in space research. PBI fibers have been used for thermally stable protective clothing and as precursors in the production of graphite fibers. Hollow fibers and films of PBI are used to purify sea and brackish water according to the reverse osmosis process. 

Appiications cable insulation, capacitors, coatings (agitators, centrifuges, electroplating equipment, exhaust hoods, filters, piping systems, reactors, semiconductor storage tanks, vessels), films, fibers, hollow fiber membranes, pipes, printed circuits, rods, sheet, solar collectors ... 

Additives used in final products Fillers aluminum hydroxide, antimony trioxide, calcium carbonate, carbon black, chopped glass fiber, crashed marble, flyash, glass fiber, hollow glass spheres, kaolin, marble, mont-morillonite, nano-TiO, polymeric bubbles, quartz, saw dust, silica, talc, wood flour ... 

Special fiber superfine fiber, profoled fiber, hollow fiber, antibacterial fiber,... 

Cellulose Temporary artifidal skin, natural nondigestable fibers, hollow fibers or membranes, and acoustic membranes in audiovisual equipment... 

Membrane shape HoUow fiber Hollow fiber Hollow fiber Flat sheet... 

Figure 19.3 shows a typical hemodialyzer. Device properties such as the fiber length, membrane surface area, number of fibers, hollow fiber packing density, and header design aU affect solute clearances. 

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