Plasticizer dibutyl-phthalate

Plasticizer Dibutyl phthalate, carbamite and methyl centralite Gelation of nitrocellulose... 

Ethylcellulose is compatible with the following plasticizers dibutyl phthalate diethyl phthalate dibutyl sebacate triethyl citrate tributyl citrate acetylated monoglyceride acetyl tributyl citrate triacetin dimethyl phthalate benzyl benzoate butyl and glycol esters of fatty acids refined mineral oils oleic acid stearic acid ethyl alcohol stearyl alcohol castor oil corn oil and camphor. 

Since the accelerator acts only on the peroxide, it is safely incorporated in the finish pack, though it is often added to pigmentated compositions just before use, to avoid slow deactivation during storage, by adsorption on the particle surfaces. On no account should it be mixed with the peroxide directly, since the combination is explosive. Many pure peroxides explode if subjected to sudden shock or heat. They are therefore supplied in a more stable form as pastes, or as solutions in a high boiling liquid (e.g. the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate). 

Pezzin et al. found the same kind of behavior exhibited by polyvinyl chloride PVC in two different plasticizers, dibutyl phthalate, DBP, and dicyclohexylphthalate, DCHP [62,63]. The same two equations provided excellent fits to the PVC solution data (see Fig. 12.9). For polystyrene dissolved in w-tricresyl phosphate, TCP, additional factors were noted. 

Tlie organic medium may also contain plasticizers that act to lower the glass transition temperature of the binder polymer. Such plasticizers help to assure good lamination to ceramic substrates and enhance the developability of xmexposed areas of the composition. The use of such materials should be minimized to reduce the amount of organic materials, which must be removed when the composition is fired. The choice of plasticizers is, of course, determined primarily by the polymer that must be modified. Among the plasticizers that have been used in various binder systems are diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, alkyl phosphates, polyalkylene glycols, hydroxy ethylated alkyl phenol, triethyleneglycol diacetate, and polyester plasticizers. Dibutyl phthalate is frequently used in acrylic polymer systems because it can be used effectively in relatively small concentrations. 

Additives used in final products Plasticizers dibutyl phthalate, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, vegetable and mineral oils, tributyl phosphate Antistatics alkylolamine salts of branched alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, polyanlllne, polymeric quaternary ammonium salt ... 

A series of studies were reported that used PMMA as the host polymer. " In one study, using polymer electrolyte films prepared from PMMA and LiBF4 with different concentrations of plasticizer (dibutyl phthalate, DBP), the conductivity observed was in the range 4.5 x 10 to... 

Uses. Phthabc anhydride is used mainly in plasticizers, unsaturated polyesters, and alkyd resins (qv). PhthaUc plasticizers consume 54% of the phthahc anhydride in the United States (33). The plasticizers (qv) are used mainly with poly(vinyl chloride) to produce flexible sheet such as wallpaper and upholstery fabric from normally rigid polymers. The plasticizers are of two types diesters of the same monohydric alcohol such as dibutyl phthalate, or mixed esters of two monohydric alcohols. The largest-volume plasticizer is di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [117-81-7] which is known commercially as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and is the base to which other plasticizers are compared. The important phthahc acid esters and thek physical properties are Hsted in Table 12. The demand for phthahc acid in plasticizers is naturally tied to the growth of the flexible poly(vinyl chloride) market which is large and has been growing steadily. 

The role of specific interactions in the plasticization of PVC has been proposed from work on specific interactions of esters in solvents (eg, hydrogenated chlorocarbons) (13), work on blends of polyesters with PVC (14—19), and work on plasticized PVC itself (20—23). Modes of iateraction between the carbonyl functionaHty of the plasticizer ester or polyester were proposed, mostly on the basis of results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir). Shifts in the absorption frequency of the carbonyl group of the plasticizer ester to lower wave number, indicative of a reduction in polarity (ie, some iateraction between this functionaHty and the polymer) have been reported (20—22). Work performed with dibutyl phthalate (22) suggests an optimum concentration at which such iateractions are maximized. Spectral shifts are in the range 3—8 cm . Similar shifts have also been reported in blends of PVC with polyesters (14—20), again showing a concentration dependence of the shift to lower wave number of the ester carbonyl absorption frequency. 

Additional commercial markets for 1-butanol include plasticizer esters (eg, dibutyl phthalate), butylated melamine—formaldehyde resins, and mono-, di-, and tributylamines. 

Plasticizers. Addition of softeners to NBR improve tack and adhesion properties. The most common plasticizers are esters (dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate), ester gums, alkyd resins, etc. 

Acrylic is a generic name for derivatives of acrylic acid, of which methyl methacrylate is the most important. Polymerization is controlled to produce chain length of 800 to 3,000 monomer units. A small amount of plasticizer such as dibutyl phthalate may be added before bulk polymerization to assist in deep molding. The outstanding property of polymethyl metliacrylate is 0 transparency resistance to ultraviolet radiation from fluorescent lamps and ability to be... 

Other chemicals that are common in different RSL are phthalates. Phthalates are usually used as softening agents in plastics to obtain the required flexibility. The most common phthalates included on restriction lists for the leather industry are bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di- isononyl phthalate (DINP), D- isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP). All these chemicals are included on the SVHC list (Candidate List), and currently (2012) there is a proposal to restrict the placing of products containing DEHP, BBP and DBP on the market in the EU. 

Figure 12.11 shows the pyrograms of vinyl paints from two monochromes by the Italian artist Piero Manzoni. The two paints are clearly different in composition acetic acid (peak 1) and benzene (peak 2) are present as common markers of the PVAc binder in both cases, but sample (a) contains dibutyl phthalate (peak 6) as external plasticizer. Peak 5 was recognized as bis(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate which is formed from dibutylphthalate isomerization, while butyl acetate (peak 3) and butyl benzoate (peak 4) are secondary products of recombination reactions occurring during the pyrolysis. Sample (b), however,... 

In terms of stability to organic solvents, P.Br.23 performs like other red pigments within its class. It is thus somewhat inferior to the yellow products. Regarding fastness to various ketones, esters, and alcohols, as well as to dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, P.Br.23 equals step 3 1 and step 4, respectively, on the 5 step scale. P.Br.23 is broad in scope, but its main field of application is in plastics. 

It is described as bright yellowish orange and can be used for aqueous flexo inks and in the plastics application in dibutyl phthalate paste as plastiziser for PVC. Dyeing of technical leathers is as well described. 

Plasticizers are used in the polymer industry to improve flexibility, workability, and general handling properties. Dibutyl sebacate and phthalates, such as dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, and diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, serve widely as plasticizers in vinylidene chloride copolymers, nitrocellulose-coated regenerated cellulose film, and cellulose acetate (Castle et ah, 1988a). In PVC, di(2-ethylhexyl)... 

Butanol, which at one time was an unwanted by-product in the preparation of acetone, is now the most important product of the fermentation. The building of a large new factory in Puerto Rico using 10,000 tons of molasses per annum for its production is an indication of this importance. Butanol is probably still the best solvent for cellulose nitrate lacquers. Dibutyl phthalate is certainly the most widely used plasticizer for synthetic resins, and butyl oleate, tributyl citrate and dibutyl tartrate have also been described as plasticizers. Another important use of butanol is as a source of butadiene, which serves as an intermediate in the conversion of sucrose into a synthetic rubber. Although in recent years other methods have been described for the preparation of butanol (for example, from ethyl alcohol and from acetylene), yet the fermentation of carbohydrates is still the cheapest process. 

The direct potentiometric determination (using a cation-selective membrane electrode) of procaine and some physiologically active amines in pharmaceuticals has been reported [70]. The sensing membrane was formed from PVC plasticized with dibutyl phthalate, and contained 0.1 mM trioctyloxybenzene-sulfonic acid in dibutyl phthalate. The reference solution was a mixture of 1 mM solution of the organic base and hydrochloric acid. Response was found to be linear over a wide concentration range, and the method was highly selective. 

CA 4l, 1841 (1947) (Plastic expls consisting of 1 1 PETN TNT plasticized with PVC dibutyl phthalate)... 

---