Propyl esters

Increa sing the bulkiness of the alkyl group from the esterifying alcohol in the ester also restricts the motion of backbone polymer chains past each other, as evidenced by an increase in the T within a series of isomers. In Table 1, note the increase in T of poly(isopropyl methacrylate) over the / -propyl ester and similar trends within the butyl series. The member of the butyl series with the bulkiest alcohol chain, poly(/-butyl methacrylate), has a T (107°C) almost identical to that of poly(methyl methacrylate) (Tg = 105° C), whereas the butyl isomer with the most flexible alcohol chain, poly( -butyl methaciylate), has a T of 20°C. Further increase in the rigidity and bulk of the side chain increases the T. An example is poly(isobomyl methacrylate)... 

Propanidid. Propanidid [1421-14-3] (Epontol), C gH2yNO, (7) a derivative of the propyl ester of homo vanillic acid, has been in clinical use in Europe for a number of years. Its main advantage is rapid onset of action and a fast recovery which, like etomidate, is because of rapid metaboHsm by esterases rather than redistribution (108). Excretion is rapid 75 to 90% of the dmg is eliminated as metaboUtes within two hours. Propanidid side effects include hypotension, tachycardia, and hyperventilation followed by apnea, as well as excitatory side effects such as tremor and involuntary muscle movement (109). 

NaHTe, DMF, r-BuOH, 80-90°, 5 min, 98% yield.Methyl and propyl esters are also cleaved (13-97% yield). 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Acetic acid Propyl ester Methylacetic anhydride Propanoic anhydride Propionyl oxide Chemical Formula CHjCOOCHjCHjCHj. 

Chemical Name 4-(cyclohexyioxy)benzoic acid 3-(2-methyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl ester Common Name —... 

Chemical Name 2-[ [8-(trifluoromethvl)-4-quinolinvl] amino] benzoic acid 2,3-dihvdroxv-propyl ester... 

Chemical Name 4-[2-(Diethylamino)-2-oxoethoxyl -3-methoxybenzene-acetic acid propyl ester... 

To a solution of 4 g of sodium in 200 ml of n-propanol is added 39 g of homovanillic acid-n-propyl ester (boiling point 160°C to 162°C/4 mm Hg) and the mixture is concentrated by evaporation under vacuum. After dissolving the residue in 200 ml of dimethylformamide and the addition of 0.5 gof sodium iodide, 26.2 g of chloracetic acid-N,N-diethylamide are added drop-wise with stirring at an internal temperature of 130°C, and the mixture is further heated at 130°C for three hours. From the cooled reaction mixture the precipitated salts are removed by filtering off with suction. After driving off the dimethylformamide under vacuum, the product is fractionated under vacuum, and 44.3 g of 3-methoxy-4-N,N-diethylcarbamido-methoxy phenyl acetic acid-n-propyl ester are obtained as a yellowish oil of boiling point 210°C to 212°C/0,7 mm Hg,... 

The protease a-chymotrypsin has been used for transesterification reactions by two groups (Entries 7 and 8) [35, 36]. N-Acetyl-l-phenylalanine ethyl ester and N-acetyl-l-tyrosine ethyl ester were transformed into the corresponding propyl esters (Scheme 8.3-2). 

Loss of C(0)0CH3 from methyl esters Loss of OC3H7 from propyl esters Methyl esters of 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids Loss of CH3C(0)0 from sugar acetates... 

Propyl Acrylate (Propylic Acid, Propyl ester). The (theoretical) parent compd for nitroolefin polymers used as propints and expls such as 2,2-Dinitropropylacrylate (DNPA) . See under this title in this Vol, N139-R to N140-L. 

CH2 CH.C(02)C3H7 mw 114.16 colorl liq bp 122.9° d 0.91996g/cc at 0°. Prepn is by redn with Zn in sulfuric acid of the propyl ester of oijjS-dibromopropionic acid dissolved in n-propanol... 

Gallic acid propyl ester N-propyl gallate propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoate... 

The ethyl ester can also be prepared from ethyl acetoacetate (ethyl 3-oxobutanoate) by the method of Rodionov8 as well as via Steinkopf s method.3 Ethyl nitroacetate can be prepared in >70% yields from the dipotassium salt, ethanol, and sulfuric acid, with the addition of anhydrous magnesium sulfate in order to avoid the Nef reaction.9 The propyl and 2-propyl esters can also be obtained by this method. 

Because there are never chain length pure surfactants in technical applications, the CMC of mixtures of different ester sulfonates is important. Fabry and Giesen showed that the CMC value of C16 a-methyl ester sulfonate is lower than the value of a C16/C18 a-ester sulfonate. There is the same tendency for C16 a-disalt and C16/C18 a-disalt. For the C16/C18 mixtures the ester group has no influence on the CMC. The methyl ester has nearly the same values as the ethyl and the /-propyl ester [59]. 

I,2-Bis-[hydroxymethyIi-benzolUnter Riihren werden zu einer Suspension von 2,16 g (0,04 Mol) Natrium-alanat in 80 m/ Xylol unter Stickstoff innerhalb 15 Min. bei 90—100° 9,6 g (0,0346 Mol) Phthalsaure-bis-[2-me-thyl-propyl]-ester getropft. Man kocht 2 Stdn. unter RiickfluB, kiihlt ab, versetzt mit Wasser und verd. Schwefel-saurc und cxtrahiert 12 Stdn. kontinuierlich mit 250 ml Diathylather. Nach Trocknen wird das Solvens abge-dampft und der Riickstand aus Petrolather kristallisiert Ausbeute 3,7 g (78% d.Th.) F 63,5°. 

CN 2-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1 ]heptane-2-carboxylic add 3-(diethylamino)propyl ester hydrochloride... 

CN 4-(cyclohexyloxy)benzoic acid 3-(2-methyl-l-piperidinyl)propyl ester sulfate (2 1)... 

C15HHCI2NO 92428-58-5) see Clomipramine 3-chloro-10,ll-dihydro-5H-dibenz[i4/]azepine-5-carb-oxylic acid 3-(dimethylamino)propyl ester (C20H23CIN2O2 94758-20-0) see Clomipramine... 

C,2H 4C104 31637-96-4) see Etofibrate 2-(4>chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid 3-hydroxy-propyl ester... 

These esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid have been used primarily to prevent growth of molds but in higher concentrations possess some weak antibacterial activity. Their effective use is limited by low aqueous solubility and by reports of stinging and burning sensations related to their use in the eye. They bind to a number of nonionic surfactants and polymers, thereby reducing their bioactivity. They are used in combination, with the methyl ester at 0.03-0.1% and the propyl ester at 0.01-0.02%. Parabens have also been shown to promote corneal absorption [140]. 

Jso-propyl lactate has been prepared by heating iso-propyl alcohol and lactic acid in a sealed tube at 1700,1 2 and from silver lactate and iso-propyl iodide, together with the iso-propyl ester of a-iso-propoxy-propionic acid.3 Direct esterification of the acid with the alcohol, with sulfuric acid, has failed to give a yield greater than 20 per cent of the theoretical amount, and the product has been less pure. 

In all cases, in order to make polar molecules volatile so that they can be separated by GC, derivatizing reactions on polar functional groups are usually performed. Carboxylic functional groups can be transformed into the corresponding 2-propyl esters [35], methyl esters [18], ethylchloroformate derivatives [36], f-butyldimethylsilyl esters [9] and tri-methylsilyl ester derivatives [3,12,30],... 

Acetic acid, butyl ester Acetic acid, pentyl ester Acetic acid, decyl ester Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, 1-cyclohexenyl ester Acetic acid, 3-cyclohexenyl ester Butyric acid, benzyl ester Phenylacetic acid, propyl ester Oleic acid, methyl ester Linoleic acid, methyl ester Linolenic acid, methyl ester Adipic acid, methyl ester Adipic acid, ethyl ester Adipic acid, diethyl ester Adipic acid, dipropyl ester Adipic acid, (methylethyl)ester Adipic acid,... 

---