Linoleic acid, methyl ester

Acetic acid, butyl ester Acetic acid, pentyl ester Acetic acid, decyl ester Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, benzyl ester Acetic acid, 1-cyclohexenyl ester Acetic acid, 3-cyclohexenyl ester Butyric acid, benzyl ester Phenylacetic acid, propyl ester Oleic acid, methyl ester Linoleic acid, methyl ester Linolenic acid, methyl ester Adipic acid, methyl ester Adipic acid, ethyl ester Adipic acid, diethyl ester Adipic acid, dipropyl ester Adipic acid, (methylethyl)ester Adipic acid,... 

Linalool, cis, oxide 0 , 1 S172 Linalool, trans, oxide 1 3172 Linalool Pi , Resin , Lf 0 ° Linoleic acid methyl ester 1 73172 Linoleic acid 1 73172 gjCSl34 Linolenic acid methyl ester 0 Linolenic acid 1 3172 gjCSl34 Longifolene, (+) 1 3068 Longifolene 1 3172 qCS156 Inflorescence... 

I Average conversion yield Linolenic acid methyl ester Linoleic acid methyl ester Oleic acid methyl ester... 

Reaction temperature and time were significant operating parameters, which are closely related to the energy costs, of the biodiesel production process. Figure 7 shows the effect of reaction time on the transesterification of rapeseed oil at a catalyst concentration of 1%, molar ratio of 1 6, and 60°C. Within 5 min, the reaction was rapid. Rapeseed oil was converted to above 85% within 5 min and reached equilibrium state after about 10 min. Several researchers reported that the conversion of vegetable oils to FAME was achieved above 80% within 5 min with a sufficient molar ratio (8,11). For a reaction time of 60 min, linoleic acid methyl ester was produced at a low conversion rate, whereas oleic and linolenic methyl ester were rapidly produced. 

Diets. Three basic diets were utilized (Table I), a 2% low fat diet (2% linoleic acid methyl esters), a 20% polyunsaturated fat diet containing 20% stripped corn oil, and a high saturated fat diet containing 18% coconut oil and 2% linoleic acid methyl esters to prevent an essential fatty acid deficiency (6 ). All diets were prepared to our specifications by ICN Life Sciences (Cleveland, OH) and analyzed both by ICN and our laboratory for fatty acids, antioxidants and some trace minerals. They are routinely stored in sealed plastic containers at 4°. Antioxidants when added (see Figure 2) were supplemented just prior to feeding and at 0.2% or 0.3% of the diet by weight as specified in each experiment. 

Conversely, SFME exhibited relatively poor improvement in oxidative stability with the use of antioxidants, presumably due to the higher concentrations of linoleic acid methyl esters in sunflower oil in comparison to the other biodiesel samples evaluated by the authors. Therefore, a good correlation was found between the improvement in oxidative stability as measured by OSI when antioxidants are used and the fatty acid composition of the biodiesel sample (Mittelbach and Schober, 2003). 

Berdeaux, Q., Fontagne, S., Semon, E., Velasco, J., Sebedio, J.L., Dobarganes, C. A detailed identification study on high-temperature degradation products of oleic and linoleic acid methyl esters by GC-MS and GC-FTIR. Chem. Phys. Lipids 165, 338-347 (2012)... 

Johnson-Matthey Co. has reported that oleic acid methyl ester or linoleic acid methyl ester can be hydroformylated in micellar media using a water-soluble rhodium complex of monocarboxylated triphenylphosphine 45 as catalyst. As a further example, polyunsaturated linolenic acid methyl ester can be hydroformylated to the triformyl derivative with a selectivity of 55% with a Rh/TPPTS catalytic system in the presence of CTAB (Scheme 1.23). ... 

FIGURE 1.21 Effect of initial molar ratio of various fatty acid esters to a-CD on the inclusion fraction of fatty acid esters in a-CD. O CAPME, A CPRME, MYRME, <> LINME, V EPAEE, DHAEE. Abbreviations CAPME, -caproic acid methyl ester CPRME, n-caprylic acid methyl ester LINME, linoleic acid methyl ester EPAEE, ethyl eicosapentae-noate DHAEE, ethyl docosahexaenoate. (From Yoshii, H. et ah, Oyo Toshitsu Kagaku, 42, 243, 1995. With permission.)... 

The fatty acid methyl ester contents in the reaction mixture were determined using a Donam 6100 GC gas chromatograph (Donam, South Korea) equipped with an HP-INNOWAX capillary column (30m x 0.32imn x 0.5 pm) and an flame ionization detector. The column oven temperature was maintained at 210 °C for analysis. The injector and detector temperatures were set to 250 and 250 °C, respectively. Helium was utilized as a carrier gas. The gas chromatography calibration was conducted via the analysis of standard solutions of palmitic acid methyl ester, stearic acid methyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid methyl ester, linolenic acid methyl ester, and erucic acid methyl ester. The internal standard was diluted in pyridine, as were the reaction mixture samples. The conversion was expressed as the percentage of fatty acid methyl esters generated relative to the theoretical maximiun quantity, based on the amount of original oils. In this paper, the conversion was expressed as the fatty acid methyl ester content or in accordance with conversion. 

Moghaddam et al. (13) reported that linoleic acid and arachidonic acid can be metabolized to their dihydroxy-THFA (tetrahydrofuran-diols) in vitro by microsomal cytochrome P450 epoxidations, followed by microsomal epoxide hydrolase. In their metabolic pathways, saturated dihydroxy-THFA are produced because 9,10(12,13)-dihydroxy-12,13(9,10)-epoxy-octadecanoate converted from linoleic acid methyl ester are cyclized (13). These saturated dihydroxy-THFA exhibit cytotoxic activity and mitogenic activity for breast cancer and... 

H]Linoleic acid methyl ester and [9,10,12,13- H]oleic acid methyl ester were chromatographed on silica impregnated with silver nitrate attaining partial separation from the appropriate [l- " C]methyl esters. The tritium atom bound on the... 

Adlof, K.M. Morehouse, J. Fritsche, K. Eulitz, et al. Improved Separation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Esters by Silver-Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. lMds34 407-413 (1999). 

Structural Characterization of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Esters with Acetonitrile Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry... 

FAME a variety of analytically useful ions are formed. Fig. 6.2a shows the single stage mass spectrum of linoleic acid methyl ester. As is expected with chemical ionization, an MH is observed at m/z 295. However, other ions of interest are also present. In particular, all unsaturated FAME show peaks corresponding to a loss of methanol from the protonated parent [MH-32], the addition of a 40 Da adduct [M+40], the addition of a 54 Da adduct [M+54], and a loss of methanol from this latter adduct [M+54-32] ... 

GC-MS was used to tentatively identify CLA in total FAME from erythrocyte membrane lipids from diabetic patients (78). Two peaks with mass spectra similar to that of linoleic acid methyl ester, but eluting later, were detected however, the choice of derivative and a nonpolar GC column, which poorly resolved the CLA isomers, was a limitation on the quahty of information. 

Hamalainen, T.I., Sundberg, S., Makinen, M., Kaltia, S., Hase, T., and Hopia, A. (2001) Hydroperoxide Formation During Autoxidation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 103, 588-593. 

Fig. 3.22. Autoxidation of linoleic acid methyl ester. Analysis of primary products (after reduction of the hydroperoxy group) by HPLC (according to Chan and Levett, 1977). 1 13-Hydroxy-cis-9, trans-ll-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, 2 13-hydroxytrans-9,trans-ll-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, 3 9-hydroxy-trans-lO, cis-12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, 4 9-hydroxy-trans-lO, trans-12-octa-decadienoic acid methyl ester...

V-V- Linolenic acid methyl ester, -0-0- linoleic acid methyl ester, x-x- 2-nonenal, T-T-T 2,4-heptadienal, nonanal... 

Trade Names Crossential L90 Emerso 315 Pamolyn 200 Pamolyn 240 9,12-Linoleic acid. See Linoleic acid Linoleic acid diethanolamide. See Linoleamide DEA Linoleic acid ethyl ester. See Ethyl linoleate Linoleic acid methyl ester. See Methyl linoleate Linoleic diethanolamide. See Linoleamide DEA Linolenic acid... 

Synonyms Linoleic acid methyl ester Methyl cis,cis-9,12-ocladecadienoate 9,12-Ocladecadienoic add methyl ester Definidon Ester of methyl alcohol and linoleic acid Empirical C,9H3402... 

Linoleic acid methyl ester (liquid) Af//° = -604.88 kJmor Ac//° = -11,690.1 kJmor ... 

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