Dibutyl sebacate

PVB resins are also compatible with a limited number of plasticizers and resins. Plasticizers (qv) improve processibility, lower T, and increase flexibihty and resiUency over a broad temperature range. Usehil plasticizers include dibutyl and butyl benzyl phthalates, tricresyl and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphates, butyl ricinoleate, dibutyl sebacate, dihexyl adipate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate, castor oil, and others (64-73). 

Diesters. Many of the diester derivatives are commercially important. The diesters are important plasticizers, polymer intermediates, and synthetic lubricants. The diesters of azelaic and sebacic acids are useflil as monomeric plasticizing agents these perform weU at low temperatures and are less water-soluble and less volatile than are diesters of adipic acid. Azelate diesters, eg, di- -hexyl, di(2-ethylhexyl), and dibutyl, are useflil plasticizing agents for poly(vinyl chloride), synthetic mbbers, nitroceUulose, and other derivatized ceUuloses (104). The di-hexyl azelates and dibutyl sebacate are sanctioned by the U.S. Food and Dmg Administration for use in poly(vinyl chloride) films and in other plastics with direct contact to food. The di(2-ethylhexyl) and dibenzyl sebacates are also valuable plasticizers. Monomeric plasticizers have also been prepared from other diacids, notably dodecanedioic, brassyflc, and 8-eth5lhexadecanedioic (88), but these have not enjoyed the commercialization of the sebacic and azelaic diesters. 

Poly(vinyl chloride) has a good resistance to hydrocarbons but some plasticisers, particularly the less polar ones such as dibutyl sebacate, are extracted by materials such as iso-octane. The polymer is also resistant to most aqueous solutions, including those of alkalis and dilute mineral acids. Below the second order transition temperature, poly(vinyl chloride) compounds are reasonably good electrical insulators over a wide range of frequencies but above the second order transition temperature their value as an insulator is limited to low-frequency applications. The more plasticiser present, the lower the volume resistivity. 

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of digoxin antibody sensing electrode (a) PVC membrane containing digoxin-carrier conjugate (b) inner filling solution, 0.01 M KCI (c) plasticizer, dibutyl sebacate (d) digoxin antibodies. (From 152, with permission)...

Many common polymers, polymeric additives and lubricants oxidise so rapidly after impact in liquid oxygen that they are hazardous. Of those tested, only acrylonitrile-butadiene, poly(cyanoethylsiloxane), poly(dimethylsiloxane) and polystyrene exploded after impact of 6.8-95 J intensity (5-70 ft.lbf). All plasticisers (except dibutyl sebacate) and antioxidants examined were very reactive. A theoretical treatment of rates of energy absorption and transfer is included [1], Previously, many resins and lubricants had been examined similarly, and 35 were found acceptable in liquid oxygen systems [2],... 

Dibutyl decanedioate (dibutyl sebacate) Dibutyl ether Dibutyl o-phthalate... 

Di-ferf-butylhydroquinone, dl45 Dibutyl ketone, nlOl Dibutyl sebacate, dl43... 

Dibutyl phenyl phosphate, 11 494 Dibutylphthalate (DBP), 10 430 Dibutylphthalate number, of silica, 22 371 Dibutyl sebacate, cosmetically useful lipid, 7 833t... 

Otto Fuel II, a liquid propellant used exclusively by the U.S. Navy in torpedoes and other weapon systems, is a mixture of three synthetic compounds 1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN) (a nitrate ester explosive), dibutyl sebacate (a desensitizer), and 2-nitrodiphenylamine (a stabilizer). The... 

Otto Fuel II is a liquid propellant used exclusively by the U.S. Navy in MK-46 and MK-48 torpedoes and other weapon systems (Rivera 1974 Gaworski et al. 1985). It is a mixture of three synthetic compounds. The primary component is the explosive, 1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN) (approximately 75%) dibutyl sebacate (23%) is added as a desensitizer, and because pure PGDN is unstable, 2-nitrodiphenylamine (2%) is added as a stabilizer (ATSDR 1995). PGDN, a nitrated ester, is a volatile liquid with a disagreeable odor. Its primary use is as a propellant in Otto Fuel II (Forman 1988). No information on production was located. Wiltshire Chemical Company in Gardena, California, was the only identified producer (ATSDR 1995). 

The vapor pressures of the three components of Otto Fuel II differ considerably. During vapor generation studies with Otto Fuel II, PGDN was the only component vaporized into inhalation exposure chambers in sufficient quantity to allow direct analysis (Stewart et al. 1974 MacEwen and Vemot 1982). In light of the low toxicity of dibutyl sebacate and 2-nitrodiphenylamine and the fact that they do not vaporize to a detectable extent at test compound generation temperatures up to 45°C, the toxicity of Otto Fuel II has been evaluated in terms of PGDN. Chemical and physical data for PGDN are listed in Table 2-2. 

Dibutyl sebacate was tested for reproductive toxicity in a dietary study with Sprague-Dawley rats 6.25% (approximately 5.6 g/kg/d) in the diet for 10 wk prior to breeding (Smith 1953). No effect on fertility, litter size, or pup survival was found. However, pups from treated dams weighed less than pups from the control group. 

Smith, C. 1953. Toxicity of butyl stearate, dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, and methoxyethyl oleate. AMA Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 7 310-318. 

OCTADECYNE OLEIC ACID DIBUTYL SEBACATE DI HEXYL ADIPATE 1-CYCOPENTYLTRIDECANE 1-CYCLOHEXYLDOOECANE 1-OCTADECENE STEARIC ACID n-OCTADECANE DINONYL ETHER 1-OCTADECANOL BUTYL-TETRADECYL-SULFIDE ETHYL-HEXADECYL-SULFIDE HEPTADECYL-HETHYL-SULFIDE NONYL-SULFIDE PENTADECYL-PROPYL-SULFIDE 1-OCTADECANETHIOL NONYL-DISULFIDE 1-n-NONYLNAPHTHALENE n-TRIDECYLBENZENE... 

Plasticizers are used in the polymer industry to improve flexibility, workability, and general handling properties. Dibutyl sebacate and phthalates, such as dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, and diphenyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, serve widely as plasticizers in vinylidene chloride copolymers, nitrocellulose-coated regenerated cellulose film, and cellulose acetate (Castle et ah, 1988a). In PVC, di(2-ethylhexyl)... 

Fio. 30. Evaporation rate data obtained by Davis and Ray (1978) for dibutyl sebacate evaporating in helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide at 293 K. Reprinted with permission from J. Aerosol Sci. 9, 411-412, Davis, E. J., and Ray, A. K., Copyright 1978, Pergamon Press pic. 

Dioctyl phthalate Dibutoxyethyl phthalate Tricresyl phosphate Dioctyl sebacate Triphenyl phosphate Dihexyl phthalate Hydrogenated terphenyl Dibutyl sebacate Dibutyl phthalate Dipropyl phthalate Diethyl phthalate Glycerol... 

Fig. 22. Selectivity of the cell (37) for Na+ relative to Ca2+ as function of the dielectric constant of the membrane solvent. Membrane solvents (1) dibutyl-sebacate, (2) tris-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphate, (3) 1-decanol, (4) acetophenone, (5) 2-nitrocymene, (6) p-nitroethylbenzene, (7) nitrobenzene...

Dibutyl sebacate 202 FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE... 

There are several plasticizers for PVC that may be used in propellants. Weil (19) mentions sebacates, phthalates, adipates, and glycol esters of higher fatty acids as being desirable. Dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, and 2-ethylhexyl adipate are all good. The plasticizer has a most important effect on the physical properties of the cured propellant and the variation of these properties with temperature. Long chain, aliphatic plasticizers impart improved low temperature flexibility, and hence are preferable to aromatic plasticizers such as the phthalates. An increase in plasticizer viscosity leads to an increase in viscosity of the mixed pro-... 

Figure 8. Effect of oxidizer-content on specific impulse, flame temperature, and density (equal parts PVC and dibutyl sebacate) (10)...

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