International Technical Standards

The growing interest toward the nse of composite materials in civil engineering over the last decade has led panels and international committees to an extensive drafting of ad hoc codes, decrees, and recommendations regulating the nse of non-conventional composite materials. 

Worth mentioning are, for instance, the programming regnlations drafted and issued on specific journals by the fib Task Group 9.3, the European fonnding committee in 1998, or the official journals of the American Concrete Institute (ACI), whose aim is to provide new guidelines for the design and construction of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete strnctnres. 

A further contribution on the topic comes from the European Committee for Standardization that published the new regnlations of design and strengthening with FRP in the Eurocode 8 Design of strnctnres for earthquake resistance Part 3 Assessment and retrofitting of buildings . Draft N 7, January 2003. 

In Italy, the decree nr. 3274 May 2005, concerning the technical regulations for the design, evaluation, and seismic adjustment of buildings, introduces the use of FRP for the seismic strengthening of r.c. members and specifically refers to the instmctions of CNR-DT 200/2004 for the safety assessments. 

These guidelines are now a constituent part of the technical regulations for constructions (Ministerial Decree, January 14th 2008), providing clear instructions for designers and technicians on the use of fiber-reinforced materials in the strengthening of existing structures. 

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Offers a comparative analysis among various international technical standards... 

It also provides further specific instructions within the topic of r.c. and prestressed concrete and masonry structures on buildings in seismic areas, complying with the most recent orientations arising from the national and international technical standards. 

Society of Antomotive Engineers, SAE International, Technical Standards Development http //www.sae.org/standardsdev/ (accessed October 13, 2010). SAE International maintains over 8,300 technical standards and related docnments, which may be purchased through their Web site. Selected standards related to fnels, emissions, and the environment are listed in the gronnd vehicle, and aerospace sections may be of interest to this andience. 

ANSI Reporter and Standards Action American National Standards Institute The monthly M/V.97 Eeporternews of poHcy-level actions on standardization taken by ANSI, the international organizations to which it belongs, and the government. Standards Fiction biweekly, Hsts for pubHc review and comment standards proposed for ANSI approval. It also reports on final approval actions on standards, newly pubUshed American National Standards, and proposed actions on national and international technical work. These two pubHcations replace The Magafine of Standards which ANSI, formerly The American Standards Association, discontinued in 1971. 

Handbook ofi Comparative World Steel Standards, International Technical Information Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 1990. 

Abstract RISKCYCLE is an artificial word which addresses the risks associated with the global recycling streams. As part of materials like waste paper, plastic, and electronics, pollutants and chemical additives are transported abroad, e.g., they are exported to emerging and developing countries. Here these pollutants/additives can cause risks for humans and the environment especially if treatment/recycling is performed on a lower technical standard. The specific risks that can occur have been studied in an international EU-funded research program, which is the basis of this publication. 

Specific tools and mechanisms are being used worldwide to meet the specified targets. They represent components of the international technical language referred to above (see slide 4). Depending on the particular application, some of these components e.g. standardization, quahty and environmental management, accreditation, are being used on a voluntary basis while others are implemented on a compul- ... 

When conducted as a three-tiered process (Tier 1—Technical Review, Tier 2—Peer or Supervisor Review, and Tier 3—QA Review), internal review is an effective error-detection mechanism. Each tier in the review process involves the evaluation of data quality based on the results of QC data and on the professional judgment of the reviewer. The application of technical standards and professional experience to data review is essential in ensuring that data of known quality are generated consistently. 

Technical Guidance Document and Water Framework Directive approaches EU member state, North American, and other international approaches) and the way in which they are implemented (e.g., mandatory pass or fail probabilistic, e.g., 95th percentiles or tiered risk assessment frameworks). Soil and water standards were considered, as were values for the protection of human health and the natural environment. The focus was on European regulatory frameworks, although expert input was sought from other jurisdictions internationally. Chemical standards for aquatic (water and sediment) and terrestrial (soil and groundwater) systems were the main focus for the meeting. This workshop built on, and included some participants from, a 1998 SETAC workshop Re-evaluation of the State of the Science for Water-Quality Criteria Development (Reiley et al. 2003). 

In principle technical development and standardization go side by side, the latter, however, shows a certain time delay of months or even some years. So it is quite common that regulations (directives drawn up by national or international authorities, standardization) open a bypass for technical solutions which do not comply (in full or in part) with established standards. 

To protect occupational and consumer health from DCM, Germany set technical standards on DCM sales. National measures would not have been practical for regulating the trade and marketing of DCM in the EU. Action to restrict the marketing of dangerous substances to protect human health or the environment must comply with Article 95 of the EC Treaty relating to the internal market. Objecting to immediate adoption of EU standards to ensure adequate risk reduction, the UK - a major producer of DCM - declared that it was necessary to conduct full risk assessments of alternative substances, as well as a detailed socio-economic analysis of... 

This chapter mostly emphasizes materials, procedures, and products for the creation, repair, and storage of records. This aspect is only part of the picture, as records materials are only the media for storage, retrieval, and use of information. Although we are aware of the need for, and of considerable activity in, areas such as buildings, equipment, automation, and archival arrangement and description, these subject areas are left to others who are more competent to address them. Technical standards for library and information science were covered in Library Trends (I), international standards for archives were discussed by Rhoads (2), and the general subject of standards for libraries and archives was developed by Clark (3). 

NBS is not a regulatory agency. It does not mandate or enforce standards, but it does provide the technical basis for the selection and application of standards by other agencies and by domestic and international voluntary standards organizations (10). NBS ensures that physical and chemical measurements within the United States can be traced to a consistent set of standards, reference methods, and reference materials that also are compatible with those used to regulate international trade. 

It is widely known that standards define the advanced state of the art in a well-defined system. They describe technical rules which have been tested and proven and are accepted practice in the commercial world. Most standards have been studied and developed in European countries (Italy CUNA, Germany DIN, France AFNOR, Great Britain BSI etc.). The importance of internationally approved standards has increased recently because of growing world trade. In 1926, the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) was founded to address these concerns. At present, ISO is made up of more than 140 different national standard organisations. 

This book is available in the U.S. horn Scientific and Technical Books, Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc, New York, N.Y. It deals with all aspects of plastics flammability, from fundamentals to the detailed descriptions of national and international regulations, standards, test methods, product approval procedures for plastics and plastic components in the various fields of application. Foams are given extensive coverage throughout the book. The tables and illustrations are extremely well prepared. 

The papers from the conference were carefully selected from around 100 submissions. The papers were refereed in terms of scientific and technical content and format in accordanee with internationally accepted standards. They were a mix of reviews providing an overview of selected areas, original fundamental research results, and industrial... 

ASTM International. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U.S.A. Phone +1 610-832-9585, Fax +1 610-832-9555. E-mail service astm.org. URL http //www.astm.org. Formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM was formed over a centimy ago. It is one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world, known for technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services. ASTM standards cover a diverse range of industries, and are developed by over 30,000 ASTM members who are technical experts in their fields. Standards, technical publications, journals, and other publications are available at the site. 

The WHO/FAO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives - distinguishes three general kinds of caramel ( / caramel color plain, (2) caramel color, ammonia process, and (3) caramel color, ammonium sulfite process. Both the European Technical Caramel Association (EUTECA) and the International Technical Caramel Association (ITCA) have standardized the properties of four classes and ten types of caramels they are given in Table I. The content of heavy metals cannot exceed values reported in the footnote to that Table. 

An international committee to establish technical standards for hydrogen energy was established in Zurich with the blessings of the International Organization for Standardization. 

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