Approval standards

If a standard method is available, the performance of a new method can be evaluated by comparing results with those obtained with an approved standard method. The comparison should be done at a minimum of three concentrations to evaluate the applicability of the new method for different amounts of analyte. Alternatively, we can plot the results obtained by the new method against those obtained by the approved standard method. A linear regression analysis should give a slope of 1 and ay-intercept of 0 if the results of the two methods are equivalent. 

U.S. Bureau of Mines, Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids, Schedule 30, Dec. 11, 1959 Eactory Mutual Research Approved Standard Eess Ha ardous... 

Certified testing and approval for control-valve devices used in hazardous locations is normally procured by the manufacturer of the device. The manufacturer often goes to a third party laboratory for testing and certification. Applicable approval standards are available from CSA, CENELEC, EM, SAA, and UL. 

For flanges of nonstandard dimensions or for sizes beyond the scope of the approved standards, design shall be in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec. T11, except that requirements for fabrication, assembly, inspection testing, and the pressure and temperature hmits for materials of the Piping Code are to prevail. Countermoment flanges of flat face or otherwise providing a reaction outside the bolt circle are permitted if... 

The niles provide that a branch connection has adequate strength for pressure if a fitting (tee, lateral, or cross) is in accordance with an approved standard and is used within the pressure-temperature limitations or if the connection is made by welding a coupling or half coupling (wall thickness not less than the brancn anywhere in reinforcement zone or less than extra heavy or 3000 lb) to the run and provided the ratio of branch to run diameters is not greater than one-Fourth and that the branch is not greater than 2 in nominal diameter. 

Water purification The treatment necessary to ensure that water used for a process or discharged from a process is of an approved standard. 

To assist manufactures and suppliers attain the required level of health and safety, the Health and Safety Commission have commenced approving standards laid down by such bodies as the British Standards Institution. 

NCCLS Infobase 99 (1999) NCCLS approved standards and guidelines. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Wayne, PA. 

An international nuclear safety organization could be set up to adopt world safety standards, and approve standardized plant designs which could be built efficiently in volume around the world. This international organization, or additional ones, could approve, or provide, standard operator and maintenance training and like the IAEA could provide periodic inspections to assure that safety standards are being maintained, and that nuclear materials were not being illegally diverted. Indeed, perhaps the IAEA could be expanded to meet these requirements. 

The leading organization in the development of standards in the United States is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). It is the member body representing the United States in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT). ANSI does not write any standards. It promotes standardization, coordinates efforts toward standardization, and approves standards. It annually publishes a list of American... 

Figure B. 1 The periodic table of the elements in IUPAC-approved standard textbook-table (STT) form, showing the US-style labeling of group number 1—18.

Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, NFPA 496, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, 1982 Approval Standard Intrinsically Safe Apparatus and Associated Apparatus for Use in Class I, II and III, Division 1, Hazardous Locations, Class No. 3610, Factory Mutual Research, Norwood, MA, Oct. 1979... 

C2-symmetrical, 16 114 ansa-zirconocene complexes, 16 107 ANSI-approved standards, 15 760. 

Flared, flareless, and compression-type tubing joints may be used. The tubing components and joints shall be suitable for maximum and minimum wall thickness tubing and pressure-temperature limitations designated by the manufacturer or ANSI-approved standards. In addition to the requirements specified by the engineering design, the joints shall be qualified for use under severe cyclic conditions. 

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. 1995, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility, 5th Edition, Approved standard. NCCLS Document M2-A5, Villanova, PA. 

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1996, Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Yeast Approved Standard, M27-A, 15, 10, NCCLS, VA Medical Center, Tucson, AZ. 

After review of all statistical data per approved standard operating procedure, assessment should be made to suggest important steps for future production or further investigations, if necessary. 

Verify that following approved standard operating procedures are available at the user s premises ... 

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was discovered in 1989 and has been regarded as the key causative agent for non-A, non-B virus hepatitis (33-35). It is estimated that there are over 170 million people worldwide and about 4 million individuals in United States with chronic HCV infection (36). Majority of the infected persons (80%) develop chronic hepatitis, where about 10-25% of them could advance to serious HCV-related liver diseases such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (37). Only a fraction of patients respond to current FDA-approved standard therapy with a sustained viral load reduction (38), and many of them could not tolerate the treatment because of the various severe side effects (39). Therefore, HCV still represents an unmet medical need which requires discovery and development of more effective and well-tolerated therapies. 

National Commitee on Clinical Laboratory Standards. Perfonnance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Sensitivity Tests, 4tlr ed. (10)7 Approved standard M2-A4 1991. 

Another role is to approve standards as American National Standards when they meet consensus requirements. It approves a standard only when it has verified evidence presented by a standards developer that those affected by the standard have reached substantial agreement on its provisions. ANSI s other major roles are to represent U.S. interests in nongovernmental international standards work, to make national and international standards available, and to inform the public. 

If calibration of ancillary equipment or tools used for installation is required, then the measurement methods, traceability of the calibration standard to international, national, or approved standards, and equipment specifications must be provided for acceptance. 

Wherever possible, testing should be carried out in accordance with an approved standard. These include the standards issued by the International Standards Organization (ISO), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and the Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN). There are many other standards of international repute, such as the NF, JIS, and BS standards. Most countries have their own standards. These are adjusted to suit local requirements but are based on the main international standards. Evaluations carried out to these standards in a laboratory compliant with the ISO 9001 quality standard carry more weight than those tested under other conditions. Other standards, such as aviation and maritime specifications, are also recognized in their fields. In all cases, the most recent issue of the standard or specification must be used. 

Standardized methods for surveillance of antifungal drug susceptibility have been a recent development (Rex et al, 1993). The M27 protocol of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) for testing of yeasts focused on laboratory to laboratory reproducibility and became an approved standard in 1997 (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1997). A modification of M27 for testing of molds has recently been proposed as NCCLS document M38-P (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1998). With these tools, collaborative studies to validate the predictive power of these results have been possible. Interpretive breakpoints for... 

The use of standard methods can save time and money. A manufacturer of ceramic ware needs to export a product to several different European countries. In the past, different laboratories for each individual country that the goods were imported into would have tested the ceramic-ware (for metal release). Now the manufacturer can pay one laboratory to use an approved standard method (BS ISO CEN 6748 - Limits of metal release from ceramic ware and vitreous enamel ware ). 

It is widely known that standards define the advanced state of the art in a well-defined system. They describe technical rules which have been tested and proven and are accepted practice in the commercial world. Most standards have been studied and developed in European countries (Italy CUNA, Germany DIN, France AFNOR, Great Britain BSI etc.). The importance of internationally approved standards has increased recently because of growing world trade. In 1926, the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) was founded to address these concerns. At present, ISO is made up of more than 140 different national standard organisations. 

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